DNA content, mitotic activity, and incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the developing inner ear of the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Khan ◽  
William. F. Marovitz
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine

Changes in chromosome structure, mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content from cells of Allium Test induced by bark water extract of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kuraś ◽  
Julita Nowakowska ◽  
Elwira Śliwińska ◽  
Radosław Pilarski ◽  
Renata Ilasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa

scholarly journals DNA CONTENT OF PLACENTAL NUCLEI

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Galton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Rapid Accumulation

The DNA content of individual nuclei in four immature human placentas was determined by microspectrophotometric analysis of Feulgen-stained sections. The absence of mitosis in the syncytiotrophoblast, taken together with the finding of a diploid unimodal distribution, at a time of rapid placental growth, indicated that the syncytiotrophoblast possessed little or no intrinsic reproductive capacity. In contrast, the cytotrophoblast displayed considerable mitotic activity and was found to contain a high proportion of nuclei with DNA values in excess of the diploid amount, corresponding to DNA synthesis in interphase nuclei preparatory to division. From the complementary behavior of the two layers of trophoblast, with respect to evidence of reproductive ability, it is concluded that the rapid accumulation of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast, during the early development of the placenta, is accounted for by cell proliferation within the cytotrophoblast followed by alignment and coalescence of some daughter cells in the syncytiotrophoblast.

scholarly journals Measurement of DNA content and of tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation by the same cells.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lin ◽  
D C Allison
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Incorporated Brdu ◽  
Dna Measurements ◽  
Kinetics Of

We tested a method of measuring DNA content (Feulgen) and tritiated thymidine ([3H]-T) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation by the same cell. Initial experiments showed that Feulgen hydrolysis denatured the DNA of fixed cells sufficiently to allow detection of incorporated BrdU with monoclonal antibodies. MCa-11 cells were then double-labeled with [3H]-T and BrdU, placed on slides, and Feulgen stained. Next, absorption cytometry was performed to measure the DNA content of randomly selected cells. Feulgen staining and the development and removal of either the [3H]-T or the BrdU grains after DNA measurements did not interfere with subsequent detection of the grains from the other label, and BrdU and [3H]-T can be used reliably in combination for identification of S-phase cells. This method may eventually allow the use of microscope-based image analysis to selectively measure the DNA contents and the BrdU/[3H]-T labeling of non-transformed stromal and cancer cells in solid tumors, thereby providing new insights into the growth kinetics of these heterogeneous cell populations.

Endosperm mitotic activity and endoreduplication in maize affected by defective kernel mutations

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Kowles ◽  
M. D. McMullen ◽  
G. Yerk ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
S. Kraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Endosperm Nucleus ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Cell Numbers

A group of 35 defective kernel (dek) mutants in maize has been studied with regard to their effect on endosperm development. Information is reported on kernel weight, kernel viability, mutant transmission, DNA content per endosperm nucleus, endosperm cell numbers during development, and DNA endoreduplication patterns. All of the dek mutations reduced mitotic activity and resulted in greatly reduced cell numbers. All except one mutation decreased DNA endoreduplication. The exception indicates that the processes of mitotic activity and endoreduplication can be uncoupled. Notable differences in DNA endoreduplication patterns were observed among the dek strains. Defective kernels with homozygous defective embryos did not germinate in any of these strains, although some morphologically defective kernels did germinate and were shown to have normal embryos of +/+ or +/dek genotype. Dek mutants that had a defective endosperm and an embryo that developed normally were not identified. The mutations investigated are recessive, but F2 segregation for many of the mutants revealed significant deviations from expected 3:1 ratios.Key words: defective kernels, endosperm, endoreduplication.

A study of DNA and mitotic activity in the vegetative apex of Douglas fir during the annual growth cycle

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1395-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Owens ◽  
Marje Molder
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Mother Cells

Vegetative apices of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco were studied throughout the annual growth cycle. When observations based on anatomy, histochemistry, and external morphology are combined, the growth cycle of the vegetative apex should be subdivided into five stages: (1) dormancy, (2) early bud-scale initiation, (3) late bud-scale initiation and rapid apical enlargement, (4) early, rapid leaf initiation, and (5) late, slow leaf initiation. The same cytohistological zonation pattern is present in vegetative apices throughout the growth cycle and usually consists of apical, peripheral, and rib meristem zones. During dormancy, early bud-scale initiation, and early leaf initiation, the apical zone is separated into apical initials and central mother cells based on nuclear characteristics and mitotic activity. Cytohistological zonation is supported by constant differences in nuclear volume, mitotic activity, and DNA content between zones. The peripheral zone is mitotically more active than the apical zone; however, the apical zone is not quiescent. Zones vary in size, prominence, and mitotic activity, which often relates to a particular developmental stage of the apex. The dormant apex has no mitotic activity, and cytohistological zonation is present but not distinct. Zonation increases throughout the first half of the growing season, reaches a maximum during late bud-scale and early leaf initiation, and decreases as dormancy approaches. In general, increases in nuclear volume, percentage of nuclei at 4C, and average DNA content per nucleus correlate with increases in the prominence of zonation. Zonation did not result from different zones being "held" at certain C levels of DNA. Although nuclear volume was used in calculating the DNA content, the DNA level often varied independently of volume. Mitotic activity and dormancy appear to be related to carbohydrate levels within the bud and subtending shoot. The period of most prominent zonation is also the period of most active primordial initiation, largest apical size, and the time when new axillary shoots become determined in their pathway of development.

scholarly journals Cytofluorometric analysis of the kinetics of lymphocyte transformation after phytohemagglutinin stimulation: comparison with the kinetics of thymidine incorporation

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Utsinger ◽  
WJ Yount ◽  
JG Fallon ◽  
MJ Logue ◽  
CR Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Flow Cytofluorometry ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Human B Cells ◽  
Significant Uptake ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The technique of flow cytofluorometry has been employed to assess the response of unfractionated and highly purified human lymphocyte subpopulations to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen. Normal values for cytofluorometric responses were established and compared to the uptake of tritiated thymidine in simultaneous experiments. Cytofluorometric analysis offered the advantages of increased sensitivity and direct measurement of DNA content per cell, and provided percentages and absolute numbers of responding cells. B-cell responses to pokeweed mitogen were absent, but brisk T-cell responses were noted. Between 4% and 8% of highly purified human B cells were found to respond to PHA by increasing their DNA content; modest but significant uptake of tritiated thymidine by B cells following PHA stimulation was also observed.

Evénements structuraux et métaboliques dans les entre-nœuds des bourgeons axillaires du pois, en réponse à la levée de dominance

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Nougarède ◽  
Pierre Rondet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Homogeneous Reaction ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Synthetic Phase

Events associated with the release from dominance are described for internodes 1 and 2 of the axillary buds of Pisum sativum. During the inhibited state, most of the nuclei are found in the G1 phase of a diploid cycle. At the release from dominance, some nuclei in the G2 phase during inhibition enter into mitosis and the nuclei in G1 enter into the DNA synthetic phase. Until the 3rd day, a homogeneous reaction is registered for the whole of the two first internodes. Three maxima of mitotic activity are detected in the epidermis, the cortex, and the procambium and only one in the pith. From the 3rd day, the mitoses are localized at the uppermost part of these internodes: meanwhile, elongation occurs in their basal portion. At this level, the nuclear volumes are maximal at the 6th day. After release from apical dominance, the increase in DNA content reflects the resumption of the mitotic cycle and, subsequently, the onset of differentiation, with 4C level nuclei in the cortex and 8C nuclei in the pith. The cell growth of the epidermis, the cortex, and the pith, either radial or tangential, precedes the elongation phase.

Transforming Growth Factor-α with Insulin Induces Proliferation in Rat Utricular Extrasensory Epithelia

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICE L. KUNTZ ◽  
ELIZABETH C. OESTERLE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Hair Cell Loss ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽  
Factor Α

Hair cell loss in the human inner ear leads to sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that exogenous addition of growth factors, for example, transforming growth factor-α with insulin, may stimulate the production of new supporting cells and hair cells in the mature mammalian vestibular sensory epithelium. Before any growth factor can be seriously considered for the treatment of clinical problems related to hair cell loss, its effects on the extrasensory epithelia must also be fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor-α and insulin stimulate cell proliferation in rodent vestibular extrasensory epithelia. The cell proliferation marker, tritiated thymidine, was infused along with transforming growth factor-α, insulin, or transforming growth factor-α plus insulin into the inner ears of adult rats via osmotic pumps. Effects of the test agents were assessed on normal and drug-damaged utricles. Drug damage was produced by delivering gentamicin directly into the inner ear before the infusion of test agent. Animals were killed 4 or 10 days after pump placement. Utricles were sectioned, processed for autoradiography, and examined for labeled cells within the extrasensory epithelia. In normal animals, transforming growth factor-α plus insulin stimulated DNA synthesis in all regions of the extrasensory epithelia, suggesting that these agents are mitogenic for these tissues. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:816-24.)

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