Sequential development and tissue organization in whole mouse embryos cultured from blastocyst to early somite stage

1980 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisharah L. Libbus ◽  
Yu-Chih Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Sequential Development

Direct exposure of postimplantation mouse embryos to 5-bromodeoxyuridine in vitro and its effect on subsequent chondrogenesis in the limbs

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Narsingh D. Agnish ◽  
Devendra M. Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Whole Embryo Culture ◽  
Cartilage Development ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Term Treatment

As maternally administered 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BudR) is very quickly degraded by the liver, a combination of whole embryo culture and organ culture techniques was adopted to expose postimplantation mouse embryos to the analog and to study the effects of long-term treatment on the subsequent differentiation of limb-buds. Early and mid-11th-day mouse embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations of BudR for 12 or 24 h. Forelimbs of the treated embryos were then organ-cultured in drug-free medium and the extent of cartilage development in the explants examined. Exposure of embryos to 50–150µg/ml of BudR for 24 h resulted in significant inhibition of chondrogenesis in the subsequent limb cultures and the effect was related to dose. After treatment with 150 µg/ml of the drug, the forelimbs of the early 11-day embryos (somite stage 26–29) showed an almost complete lack of cartilage, while the limbs of mid-11th-day embryos (somite stage 32–34) were not nearly as sensitive and exhibited about 50% reduction in the amount of cartilage development. We conclude that if embryos in which the limb development is at a very early stage of development are exposed to BudR, the future course of limb differentiation is permanently and irreversibly damaged, resulting in a partial or even complete suppression of chondrogenesis in the organ. As both the dose and perhaps also the duration of treatment were critical, we suggest that the rather low frequency of reported limb malformations after in vivo injection of teratological doses of BudR may be due to only a small amount of the chemical reaching the embryos.

scholarly journals Fate maps of ventral and dorsal pancreatic progenitor cells in early somite stage mouse embryos

2012 ◽  
Vol 128 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 597-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Miki ◽  
Tetsu Yoshida ◽  
Kazuya Murata ◽  
Shinya Oki ◽  
Kazuhiko Kume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitor ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitor Cells

Differences in rotation-mediated aggregation between wild-type and homozygous Brachyury (T) cells

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
K. O. Yanagisawa ◽  
H. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Dissociated Cells

Rotation-mediated aggregation was studied in dissociated cells from 9- and 10-day-old (‘ 12–40 somite’ stage) mouse embryos homozygous for the Brachyury (T) mutation. Average diameter of the aggregates formed by wild-type cells increased up to the 27-somite stage. In T/T cells, however, a completely different pattern was observed. The disappearance of free cells and the process of aggregate formation were also followed. The possibility that T/T cells have different adhesive properties from +/+ cells is discussed.

Development of mouse—bank vole interspecific chimaeric embryos

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-744
Author(s):  
Ewa T. Mystkowska
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Reichert's Membrane ◽  
Ectoplacental Cone ◽  
Heavy Mortality

One bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) embryo and two mouse embryos were combined at the 8- to 16-blastomere stage and cultured in vitro for 33–47 h. In 66% of cases single regular blastocysts were formed. The chimaeric composition of blastocysts was confirmed karyologically. Out of the 222 blastocysts transplanted to 49 pseudopregnant mouse recipients, a total of 52 implantations were found in 20 recipients. Among the 52 implantations, 14 contained embryos and the remaining were resorptions. The majority of embryos were abnormal and fell into two categories: (1) groups of cells surrounded by Reichert's membrane and lying freely in a cavity filled with giant trophoblastic cells, (2) small and retarded eggcylinders usually composed of endoderm and ectoderm only, and containing a proamniotic cavity. The ectoplacental cone of these embryos was poorly developed or lacking altogether. Two normal-looking embryos were recovered on the 9th and 10th day (4-somite and ca. 12-somite stage). Chimaerism of the younger embryo was confirmed karyologically. No evidence of chimaerism was available in the case of older embryo which was examined histologically. Thirteen implantations examined between 11th and 17th day contained only resorptions. It is suggested that the main cause of the heavy mortality of chimaeric embryos is the profound difference in the course of embryogenesis of these two species immediately following implantation.

Parthenogenetic development of mouse embryos in vivo

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
Anna Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Advanced Embryo ◽  
Parthenogenetic Development ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
The Mean

CBA-p and CBA-T6T6 females were mated with vasectomized males of A strain and early in the morning the eggs were activated in situ with the electric shock of 30, 40 and 50 V. Females were killed between the 5th and the 10th day of pregnancy and the implantation sites were studied histologically or their content was examined under the dissecting microscope. Of the uterine horns, 43·6% contained at least one implantation and the mean number of implantations per horn was 0·76. Altogether 152 implantations were collected. The implantation rate was twice as high in older females (12 weeks and over) as in young ones (6–8 weeks). The number of living embryos decreased with every day so that on the 9th and 10th day only 2 out of 86 embryos were alive (2·3%). With one exception all embryos which were alive at the time of examination were retarded in development for approximately 1 day. The most advanced embryo was at the 8-somite stage. Two attempts aimed at increasing the synchrony between the embryos and the uterus at the time of implantation (activation immediately after delayed mating and transfer of 4·5-day embryos to 3·5-day uterus) did not improve the survival of embryos after implantation.

The histogenetic potential of neural plate cells of early-somite-stage mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chan ◽  
P. P. L. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Crest Cell

The mesencephalic neural plate of early-somite-stage mouse embryos differentiated underneath the renal capsule to form mostly neural tissues together with other tissues some of which were probably of neural crest cell origin. The capacity to form non-neural tissues such as skeletal tissues and melanocytes was lost at about the 5-somite stage. The lateral areas of the plate tended to form non-neural tissues more than the medial areas. The cephalic neural plate of presomite head-fold-stage embryos differentiated extensively to form both ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. However, upon completion of neurulation, the mesencephalic neuro-epithelium of forelimb-bud-stage embryos gave rise to neural tissues only. Therefore there is a progressive restriction in the histogenetic capacity of the mesencephalic neural plate during neurulation and this could be attributed to the cellular commitment for neural differentiation and the loss of the neural crest cells.

Abnormal neural fold development in trisomy 12 and trisomy 14 mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Barbara Putz ◽  
Gillian Morriss-Kay
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Trisomy 12 ◽  
Optic Vesicles ◽  
Normal Laboratory ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

The early development of the exencephalic malformation in trisomy 12 (Tsl2) and trisomy 14 (Tsl4) mouse embryos was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and compared with cranial neural tube formation in euploid litter-mates. Embryos from normal laboratory mice were used as additional controls. The euploid control embryos of the trisomy-inducing breeding system showed a slight delay and some variation in the timing of cranial neurulation. The pre-exencephalic trisomic embryos showed hypoplasia, and lower somite number when compared with euploid littermates; there was also a retardation of development of the whole neural tube, when related to the somite stage. External differences from the control embryos were observed at the late pre-somite stage, when the anterior part of the neural plate showed a crumpled appearance. At 6 somites the lateral edges of the forebrain were everted instead of elevated in Tsl2 and Tsl4 embryos. At later stages, however, the forebrain showed a tendency towards the normal morphogenetic pattern, so that the optic vesicles were eventually formed and the most anterior part fused. The caudal forebrain and the midbrain were more permanently affected by the disturbance of trisomic conditions and grew laterally, failing to appose or fuse in the midline in both Tsl2 and Tsl4 embryos. Hindbrain morphogenesis was different in Tsl2 and Tsl4 excencephaly: in Tsl2 embryos it did not close rostral to the otic pits, whereas in Tsl4 embryos it showed a normal closure up to the hindbrain/midbrain junction. These observations support the hypothesis that in mammalian embryos the mechanism of neural tube formation of the future brain region is more complex than that of the spinal neural tube and therefore may be more likely to react to a general delay of neurulation with a gross malformation. Tsl2 and Tsl4 exencephaly are due to a primary non-closure of the neural tube.

Human Adenovirus Uptake by Preirnplantation Mouse Embryos

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
D. G. Chase ◽  
W. Winters ◽  
L. Piko
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Embryo Culture Medium ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Mouse Cells

Although the outlines of human adenovirus entry and uncoating in HeLa cells has been clarified in recent electron microscope studies, several details remain unclear or controversial. Furthermore, morphological features of early interactions of human adenovirus with non-permissive mouse cells have not been extensively documented. In the course of studies on the effects of human adenoviruses type 5 (AD-5) and type 12 on cultured preimplantation mouse embryos we have examined virus attachment, entry and uncoating. Here we present the ultrastructural findings for AD-5.AD-5 was grown in HeLa cells and purified by successive velocity gradient and equilibrium density gradient centrifugations in CsCl. After dialysis against PBS, virus was sedimented and resuspended in embryo culture medium. Embryos were placed in culture at the 2-cell stage in Brinster's medium.

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