Golgi impregnation study of a new catecholamine-containing cell type in the toad hypothalamus

1973 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia C. McKenna ◽  
Betty Pinner-Poole ◽  
Jack Rosenbluth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Type ◽  
Golgi Impregnation

GABA and glycine in retinal amacrine cells: combined Golgi impregnation and immunocytochemistry

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1302) ◽  
pp. 295-320 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Golgi Impregnation ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity

Golgi-impregnated amacrine cells in the all-cone lizard retina ( Anolis carolinensis ) were characterized on the bases of dendritic and somatic criteria. Four major cell categories, comprising 23 types were identified: three non-stratified, 13 monostratified, five bistratified, and two tristratified types. Four of the cell types comprised two to four subtypes based on stratification of their dendrites within the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Golgi impregnation strongly favoured monostratified amacrine cells with cell bodies at the proximal margin of the inner nuclear layer. The neurotransmitter content of each of the 23 amacrine cell types was examined by combined Golgi-immunocytochemistry after morphological classification. Putative neurotransmitters examined included gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine (GLY) and aspartate (ASP). Seventeen cell types showed GABA-immunoreactivity (IR), three cell types showed GLY-IR, and four cell types showed neither GABA-IR nor GLY-IR. No cell types showed ASP-IR. Each cell type had a characteristic neurochemical signature, with the exception of one monostratified cell type that showed three different neurochemical signatures. Postembedding immunocytochemistry on conventionally processed retinas confirmed the localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the synthetic enzyme for GABA, to cells similar to several of the GABA-IR Golgi-stained types. Postembedding immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (the synthetic enzyme for catecholamines) and GABA on serial sections demonstrated colocalization of GABA and a catecholamine,probably dopamine, in a bistratified amacrine cell type. We conclude that GABA-IR amacrine cell types are more numerous and morphologically heterogeneous than GLY-IR amacrine cells. The morphological heterogeneity and, with one exception, exclusivity of GABA-IR and GLY-IR amacrine cell types indicate that both neurotransmitters play a variety and different functional roles in the lizard inner retina.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

Some Observations on Changes in Denervated Taste Buds of Circumvallate Papillae of Rabbits

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Sunao Fujimoto ◽  
Raymond G. Murray ◽  
Assia Murray
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Circumvallate Papillae ◽  
Taste Bud Cells ◽  
Light Cells

Taste bud cells in circumvallate papillae of rabbit have been classified into three groups: dark cells; light cells; and type III cells. Unilateral section of the 9th nerve distal to the petrosal ganglion was performed in 18 animals, and changes of each cell type in the denervated buds were observed from 6 hours to 10 days after the operation.Degeneration of nerves is evident at 12 hours (Fig. 1) and by 2 days, nerves are completely lacking in the buds. Invasion by leucocytes into the buds is remarkable from 6 to 12 hours but then decreases. Their extrusion through the pore is seen. Shrinkage and disturbance in arrangement of cells in the buds can be seen at 2 days. Degenerated buds consisting of a few irregular cells and remnants of degenerated cells are present at 4 days, but buds apparently normal except for the loss of nerve elements are still present at 6 days.

Dendritic cells of the human epidermis: immuno-electron microscopic studies of la antigen reactivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
G. Rowden ◽  
M. G. Lewis ◽  
T. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
La Antigen ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
C3 Receptors ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

Langerhans cells of mammalian stratified squamous epithelial have proven to be an enigma since their discovery in 1868. These dendritic suprabasal cells have been considered as related to melanocytes either as effete cells, or as post divisional products. Although grafting experiments seemed to demonstrate the independence of the cell types, much confusion still exists. The presence in the epidermis of a cell type with morphological features seemingly shared by melanocytes and Langerhans cells has been especially troublesome. This so called "indeterminate", or " -dendritic cell" lacks both Langerhans cells granules and melanosomes, yet it is clearly not a keratinocyte. Suggestions have been made that it is related to either Langerhans cells or melanocyte. Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that Langerhans cells are independent cells with immune function. They display Fc and C3 receptors on their surface as well as la (immune region associated) antigens.

Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) involving lungs: T and B cell subsets within pulmonary infiltrates and in peripheral blood

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
Irene Stachura ◽  
Milton H. Dalbow ◽  
Michael J. Niemiec ◽  
Matias Pardo ◽  
Gurmukh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Pulmonary Infiltrates ◽  
B Cell Subsets

Lymphoid cells were analyzed within pulmonary infiltrates of six patients with lymphoproliferative disorders involving lungs by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques utilizing monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens T11 (total T), T4 (inducer/helper T), T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor T) and B1 (B cells) and the antisera against heavy (G,A,M) and light (kappa, lambda) immunoglobulin chains. Three patients had pseudolymphoma, two patients had lymphoma and one patient had lymphomatoid granulomatosis.A mixed population of cells was present in tissue infiltrates from the three patients with pseudolymphoma, IgM-kappa producing cells constituted the main B cell type in one patient. In two patients with lymphoma pattern the infiltrates were composed exclusively of T4+ cells and IgG-lambda B cells predominated slightly in the patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Nuclear receptors in disease: the oestrogen receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nilsson ◽  
Karin Dahlman-Wright ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Family

For several decades, it has been known that oestrogens are essential for human health. The discovery that there are two oestrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta, has facilitated our understanding of how the hormone exerts its physiological effects. The ERs belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors, which act by modulating the expression of target genes. Studies of ER-knockout (ERKO) mice have been instrumental in defining the relevance of a given receptor subtype in a certain tissue. Phenotypes displayed by ERKO mice suggest diseases in which dysfunctional ERs might be involved in aetiology and pathology. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ER genes and disease have been demonstrated in several cases. Selective ER modulators (SERMs), which are selective with regard to their effects in a certain cell type, already exist. Since oestrogen has effects in many tissues, the goal with a SERM is to provide beneficial effects in one target tissue while avoiding side effects in others. Refined SERMs will, in the future, provide improved therapeutic strategies for existing and novel indications.

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