The role of the mucin layer in development of the rabbit blastocyst

1962 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert S. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Mucin Layer ◽  
Rabbit Blastocyst

scholarly journals The Intestinal Barrier and Permeability

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Leonilde Bonfrate ◽  
Mohamad Khalil ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Francesco Maria Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Selective Permeability ◽  
Mucin Layer ◽  
Functional Features

The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Mucin as Frontline Defense of Mucosal Surfaces against Mycobacterium avium Subsp. hominissuis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jessica Bechler ◽  
Luiz E. Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Mucin Layer ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Bacterial Movement

Mycobacterium avium is a human and animal pathogen that infects the host through the mucosal surfaces. Past work has demonstrated that the bacterium can interact with both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Those surfaces in the body are covered by a bilayer of a glycoprotein, mucin, which works as a physical barrier and a gel which contains antibacterial and antivirus properties. This current work shows that different strains of M. avium, in contrast to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes, are not able to bind to mucins, MUC2 and MUC5b, the main mucins in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. The lack of binding is due to the characteristics of the cell wall and is impaired by altering lipids, proteins, or glycolipids. M. avium, in contrast to E. coli, interacts with epithelial cells equally in the presence or absence of the mucin, suggesting that the cell wall of the pathogen can facilitate the bacterial movement through the mucin layer, towards the mucosal wall. In conclusion, the study has shown that M. avium can avoid the mucin barrier, which explains its ability to interact with the mucosal epithelium, even in absence of motion-related structures.

scholarly journals Role of the Kaiso gene in the development of inflammation in Mucin-2 defcient mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1083
Author(s):  
E. A. Litvinova ◽  
K. M. Achasova ◽  
M. A. Borisova ◽  
S. V. Zhenilo ◽  
E. B. Prokhortchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mucin 2 ◽  
Mucin Layer

The number of people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constantly increasing worldwide. The main factors that have effects on the etiology of the disease are genetic, environmental and immunological. However, the mechanism of disease development and effective treatment of IBD have not yet been found. Animal models help address these problems. The most popular model is considered to be transgenic models in which individual genes are knocked out. One of such models for the study of IBD are mice with a null mutation of theMuc2gene encoding the Mucin-2 protein, which is involved in the formation of a protective mucin layer in the small and large intestine. Some of transcription factors that change the expression of intestinal genes are involved in the development of IBD and colorectal cancer. One of such transcription factors is “zinc fnger” domain-containing protein Kaiso which is able to bind to methylated DNA. In this study, we assessed the role of Kaiso in the development of intestinal inflammation using the experimental model of C57BL/6Muc2-/-Kaiso-/-. We have shown that mice with impaired intestinal barrier function that develop processes similar to human IBD also develop inflammatory responses, such as increased expression ofIl1,TnfandIl17agenes. The defciency of the Kaiso transcription factor in Mucin-2 knockout mice causes a decrease in the expression level of only theCox2andTff3genes. Perhaps a decline in the expression of the gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 can lead to a decrease in the expression of the antibacterial factor Trefoil factor 3. However, in the experimental model of IBD, Kaiso protein did not play a signifcant role in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1 and 17.

scholarly journals Role of embryonic oestrogen in rabbit blastocyst development and metabolism

Reproduction ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Paria ◽  
J. Sengupta ◽  
S. K. Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Rabbit Blastocyst

Role of goblet cells and mucin layer in protecting maternal IgA in precocious birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enav Bar-Shira ◽  
Inbal Cohen ◽  
Ori Elad ◽  
Aharon Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Layer

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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