A simple electrical heating device for incubators, etc

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 447-449
Author(s):  
S. O. Weese
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Heating Device

Determination of the Free Burning Rate of Cigarettes / Zur Bestimmung der Glimmrate von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Artho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Heating Device ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Control Work

AbstractA method to determine the free burning rate of cigarettes is described. After conditioning the cigarettes are ignited one by one with an electrical heating device and then placed, in vertical position, in boxes of sheet metal and with sliding glass windows. Thus each cigarette is protected from draughts or from heat given off by adjacent cigarettes. A system of holes in the bottom and cover of the boxes permits the necessary air renewal. The time required for the free burning of a given length is determined visually with the aid of a stopwatch. The result of the test is expressed as the weight of tobacco burned per minute and per cigarette. As indicated by results presented in the paper, the method is suited for quality control work involving machine made cigarettes, as well as for the evaluation of different tobacco samples or cigarette papers. If certain precautions are met, the test can also be applied to hand-made cigarettes. The free burning rate was found to be largely determined by the kind of paper and the type of tobacco used. On the other hand, no decisive influence of the arrangement of the tobacco shreds within the cigarette could be observed as long as normally filled cigarettes were used for the tests

An advanced electrical heating technique for double-sided Y(Gd)BCO coated conductor: gaining high engineering current density based on MOCVD

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 125018
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhao ◽  
Bowan Tao ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Electrical Stability ◽  
Heating Device

Abstract An advanced electrical heating technique was proposed and adopted for the reel-to-reel deposition of double-sided Gd x Y1−x Ba2Cu3O7−δ (Y(Gd)BCO) films on the surface of LaMnO3/epitaxial-MgO/IBAD-MgO/Y2O3/Al2O3/Hastelloy tapes based on the metal organic chemical vapor deposition process. In this technique, heating current is introduced into alloy tape to produce heat through the electric brushes. The use of thin Hastelloy tapes is an effective method to obtain a high engineering current density. However, the reduction of the substrate thickness will directly attenuate its mechanical strength, which will lead to the deformation of tapes at high temperature based on original electric heating device. More seriously, the electrical contact between the alloy substrate and the brush will deteriorate, which could cause ignition and ablation at the edge of the tapes. Therefore, in order to improve mechanical and electrical stability, we redesigned a novel electrical heating device to deposit Y(Gd)BCO films. Furthermore, through adopting the multiple-deposition process based on the new electrical heating device, the J e of Y(Gd)BCO film can reach 900 A mm−2 (at self-field, 77 K), which has been significantly improved compared with the J e before optimization.

Study on the Method of Heating Asphalt with Solar Energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1089 ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Xiu Shan Wang ◽  
Zhi Ling Xu ◽  
Jiang Yuan ◽  
Tao Tao Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Road Asphalt ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Heating Device ◽  
Good Ability

The color of the asphalt is close to black, it has the good ability of absorbing the solar energy. Road asphalt are solid or half a solid state at normal temperature, it must be reduced the asphalt viscosity to a certain range before used it. The main method of reducing the viscosity of asphalt is heating it. Because of the high temperature of the construction of asphalt, the traditional method on the asphalt heating is electrical heating which needs to consume large amounts of energy. Solar energy is huge and clean energy, which can save large of energy on the asphalt heating. This paper expounds on the solar heating principle, as well as designs the solar heating device to research the energy-saving method on the heating of road asphalt.

Study on Cancer Treatment using Magnetic Fluid for Medicine and Induction Heating Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Nagae ◽  
Sotoshi Yamada ◽  
Yoshio Ikehata ◽  
Satoshi Yagitani ◽  
Isamu Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Heating Device

AN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A SIMULATED COLLECTOR FOR A SOLAR DRYER

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
P.H. Oosthuizen ◽  
A. Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Thermocouple Probe

Indirect passive solar crop dryers have the potential to considerably reduce the losses that presently occur during drying of some crops in many parts of the “developing” world. The performance so far achieved with such dryers has, however, not proved to be very satisfactory. If this performance is to be improved it is necessary to have an accurate computer model of such dryers to assist in their design. An important element is any dryer model is an accurate equation for the convective heat transfer in the collector. To assist in the development of such an equation, an experimental and numerical study of the collector heat transfer has been undertaken. In the experimental study, the collector was simulated by a 1m long by 1m wide channel with a gap of 4 cm between the upper and lower surfaces. The lower surface of the channel consisted of an aluminium plate with an electrical heating element, simulating the solar heating, bonded to its lower surface. Air was blown through this channel at a measured rate and the temperature profiles at various points along the channel were measured using a shielded thermocouple probe. Local heat transfer rates were then determined from these measured temperature profiles. In the numerical study, the parabolic forms of the governing equations were solved by a forward-marching finite difference procedure.

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