scholarly journals In vivo surface strain and stereology of the frontal and maxillary bones of sheep: Implications for the structural design of the mammalian skull

2001 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Thomason ◽  
Lawrence E. Grovum ◽  
Armand G. Deswysen ◽  
Warren W. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Mammalian Skull

Quantification of Murine Myocardial Infarct Size using 2D and 4D High Frequency Ultrasound

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Dann ◽  
Sydney Q. Clark ◽  
Natasha A. Trzaskalski ◽  
Conner C. Earl ◽  
Luke E. Schepers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Myocardial Infarct Size

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, Canada, and worldwide. Severe disease is characterized by coronary artery occlusion, loss of blood flow to the myocardium, and necrosis of tissue, with subsequent remodeling of the heart wall, including fibrotic scarring. The current study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of quantitating infarct size via 2D echocardiographic akinetic length and 4D echocardiographic infarct volume and surface area as in vivo analysis techniques. We further describe and evaluate a new surface area strain analysis technique for estimating myocardial infarction (MI) size after ischemic injury. Methods: Experimental MI was induced in mice via left coronary artery ligation. Ejection fraction and infarct size were measured through 2D and 4D echocardiography. Infarct size established via histology was compared to ultrasound-based metrics via linear regression analysis. Results: 2D echocardiographic akinetic length (r = 0.76, p = 0.03), 4D echocardiographic infarct volume (r = 0.85, p = 0.008) and surface area (r = 0.90, p = 0.002) correlate well with histology. While both 2D and 4D echocardiography were reliable measurement techniques to assess infarct, 4D analysis is superior in assessing asymmetry of the left ventricle and the infarct. Strain analysis performed on 4D data also provides additional infarct sizing techniques, which correlate with histology (surface strain: r = 0.94, p < 0.001, transmural thickness: r = 0.76, p = 0.001). Conclusions: 2D echocardiographic akinetic length, 4D echocardiography ultrasound and strain provide effective in vivo methods for measuring fibrotic scarring after MI.

scholarly journals In vivo measurement of skin surface strain and sub-surface layer deformation induced by natural tissue stretching

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 556-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Maiti ◽  
Lutz-Christian Gerhardt ◽  
Zing S. Lee ◽  
Robert A. Byers ◽  
Daniel Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Natural Tissue ◽  
Layer Deformation

scholarly journals Ultrapotent miniproteins targeting the receptor-binding domain protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Brett Case ◽  
Rita E. Chen ◽  
Longxing Cao ◽  
Boaling Ying ◽  
Emma S Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Virus Inoculation ◽  
Health Measures

Despite the introduction of public health measures and spike protein-based vaccines to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths continue to rise. Previously, we used a structural design approach to develop picomolar range miniproteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Here, we investigated the capacity of modified versions of one lead binder, LCB1, to protect against SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung disease in human ACE2-expressing transgenic mice. Systemic administration of LCB1-Fc reduced viral burden, diminished immune cell infiltration and inflammation, and completely prevented lung disease and pathology. A single intranasal dose of LCB1v1.3 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung even when given as many as five days before or two days after virus inoculation. Importantly, LCB1v1.3 protected in vivo against a historical strain (WA1/2020), an emerging B.1.1.7 strain, and a strain encoding key E484K and N501Y spike protein substitutions. These data support development of LCB1v1.3 for prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Surface Strain on the Equine Hoof Wall In Vivo: Implications for the Material Design and Functional Morphology of the Wall

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-168
Author(s):  
J. J. THOMASON ◽  
A. A. BIEWENER ◽  
J. E. BERTRAM
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Biaxial Compression ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Principal Strains

Surface strains were recorded from four rosette gauges at different sites on the right forehooves of three ponies running on a treadmill at seven constant speeds and using three gaits. Principal strains determined from the rosette signals indicate that the hoof material is loaded predominantly in compression and that the wall is distorted in a regular, repeatable manner at all speeds and gaits. Peak principal strains reach −5000 με, compared with −2800 με reported for the equine radius under similar locomotory conditions. Orientations of peak compressive strains do not correlate strongly with microstructural axes in the material. Comparison of our in vivo strain records with previous in vitro studies of the material properties of the wall shows that hoof keratin behaves as a multidirectional composite, capable of tolerating its usual operating strains in any direction. This mechanical behaviour also allows the material to withstand many unpredictable loading situations when the hoof contacts irregular substrata. An important property of the hoof wall is its ability to resist or redirect cracks. We found that the anterior aspect of the wall is loaded in biaxial compression, which assists in preventing the formation or propagation of cracks and reduces peak strain magnitudes. The strain patterns correlate well with current models of hoof distortion during weightbearing. In these models, transmission of force between the ground and the skeleton is seen as the primary cause of compression in the material. The third phalanx, which transmits the weight, is effectively suspended from the inner surface of the hoof wall. Spreading of the posterior borders (heels) of the hoof also occurs. The combination of weight-bearing, suspension of the third phalanx and heel spreading is probably responsible for the uncommon loading condition of biaxial compression on the anterior wall.

scholarly journals Streptomyces Blattellae, A Novel Actinomycete Isolated From the in Vivo of an Blattella Germanica.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Min Liu ◽  
Lin-lin Yuan ◽  
Li-li Zhang ◽  
Hong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
North West

Abstract During a screening for novel and useful actinobacteria in desert animal, a new actinomycete was isolated and designated strain TRM63209T. The strain was isolated from in vivo of a Blattella germanica in Tarim University in Alar City, Xinjiang, north-west China. The strain was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Candida albicans American type culture collection (ATCC) 18804. That it belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The strain was observed to form abundant aerial mycelium, occasionally twisted and which differentiated into spiral spore chains. Spores of TRM63209T were observed to be oval-shaped, with a smooth surface. Strain TRM63209T was found to grow optimally at 28℃, pH 8 and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell sugars of strain TRM63209T were rhamnose ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the principal polarlipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol(DPG), Phos-phatidylethanolamine(PE), phosphatidylcholine(PC), phosphatidylinositol mannoside(PIM), phosphatidylinositol(PI) and an unknown phospholipid(L). The diagnostic cell wall amino acid was identified as LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-9(H6), MK-9(H2), MK-9(H8), MK-10(H2). The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0, 16:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and Sum In Feature 3. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain TRM63209T exhibits high sequence similarity to Streptomyces bungoensis strain DSM 41781T 98.20%. A multi-locus sequence analysis of five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) also illustrated that strain TRM63209T should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The DNA G + C content of the strain was determined to be 70.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity relatedness between strain TRM63209T and the phylogeny vertically related Streptomyces bungoensis DSM 41781T, Streptomyces phyllanthi PA1-07T, Streptomyces longwoodensis DSM 41677T and Streptomyces caeruleatus NRRL B-24802T was respectively found to be 82.76 %, 82.54%, 82.65%, 84.02%. And the in sico DNA-DNA hybridization value to respectively be 26.30%, 25.10%, 26.20%, 29.50%. Therefore, it is concluded that strain TRM63209T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces blattellae is proposed. The type strain is TRM63209T (CCTCC AA 2018093T = LMG 31403= TRM63209T ).

Bioapplications of small molecule Aza-BODIPY: from rational structural design to in vivo investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (21) ◽  
pp. 7533-7567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxiong Shi ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Wenbo Hu ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Photophysical Property ◽  
Empirical Design

This review highlights the empirical design guidelines and photophysical property manipulation of Aza-BODIPY dyes and the latest advances in their bioapplications.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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