scholarly journals Neuromuscular compartments and fiber-type regionalization in the human inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liancai Mu ◽  
Ira Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Neuromuscular Compartments ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide-like Immunoreactive Motoneurons Innervating the Canine Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Hisa ◽  
Nobuhisa Tadaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Uno ◽  
Hitoshi Okamura ◽  
Jun-Ichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

scholarly journals Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Viktor Y. Malyuga ◽  
Aleksandr A. Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor ◽  
Line Type

Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery. Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Materials and methods. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identified two permanent landmarks that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and we made metrical calculations relative to them: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Results. The piercing point of the nerve is always located at the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle without protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The nerve had the parallel direction in 92.8% of cases (angel less than 30 degrees) relative to the oblique line and in 85.7% cases it was in close proximity to this line (at distance up to 4 mm). The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of the piercing point of the nerve relative to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the risk of nerve damage. In 14.2% of cases, the piercing point was in the front third of the line (type I), and in 50% it was in the middle third of this line (type II). These variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could have lead to its damage during surgery. In type III and IV (35.8%) – the piercing point in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland and the greater part of the nerve was covered with the fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Conclusion. We identified the main orienteers for the search and proposed anatomical classification of the location of the external branch on the superior laryngeal nerve.

scholarly journals Histochemical Study of the Human Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (Supplement61) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Koichi Tamura ◽  
Yasuo Koike ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fujii ◽  
Kazuo Hizawa
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

scholarly journals Function of the Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

Dysphagia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamaoka ◽  
Kiyofumi Furusawa
Keyword(s):  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

scholarly journals VIRIATION OF THE EXTERNAL BRANCH OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
V Y Malyuga ◽  
A A Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Oblique Line ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Type I ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Till now, there is no universal clinical classification about variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve despite the multiple classifications that was proposed. The aim of this research is identification and systematization of topographic types of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identify two permanent landmark that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and on which we made metrical calculations: oblique line of thyroid cartilage, tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The “entry” point of the nerve is always located on the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle,and not protruding beyond the oblique line of thyroid cartilage superiorly and tendinous arch of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle anteriorly. The proposed topographic classification of the location of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is based on localization of point of pierced of the nerve relating to the length of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage. In 64.2% of cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was in close proximity to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, which could lead to its damage during surgery (type I and II). In type III and IV (35.8%) - the point of "entry" in the muscle was located as far as possible from the upper pole of the thyroid gland, and most of the nerve was covered by the fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Respiratory-related pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity in decerebrate cats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Kuna ◽  
Christi R. Vanoye
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Kuna, Samuel T., and Christi R. Vanoye.Respiratory-related pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity in decerebrate cats. J. Appl. Physiol.83(5): 1588–1594, 1997.—Respiratory-related activity of the hyopharyngeus (middle pharyngeal constrictor) and thyropharyngeus (inferior pharyngeal constrictor) muscles was determined in decerebrate, tracheotomized adult cats and compared with the electromyographic activity of the thyroarytenoid, a vocal cord adductor. During quiet breathing, the hyopharyngeus and usually the thyroarytenoid exhibited phasic activity during expiration and tonic activity throughout the respiratory cycle. Respiratory-related thyropharyngeus activity was absent under these conditions. Progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia and progressive isocapnic hypoxia increased phasic expiratory activity in both pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscles but tended to suppress thyroarytenoid activity. Passively induced hypocapnia and the central apnea that followed the cessation of the mechanical hyperventilation were associated with tonic activation of the hyopharyngeus and thyroarytenoid but no recruitment in thyropharyngeus activity. The expiratory phase of a sigh and progressive pneumothorax were associated with an increase in phasic thyroarytenoid activity but no change in phasic PC activity. The results indicate that a variety of stimuli modulate respiratory-related PC activity, suggesting that the PC muscles may have a role in the regulation of upper airway patency during respiration.

Neurotransmitters for the canine inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
N TADAKI ◽  
Y HISA ◽  
T UNO ◽  
S KOIKE ◽  
H OKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor electromyographic activity during permeability pulmonary edema in lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1598-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Diaz ◽  
Irenej Kianicka ◽  
Patrick Letourneau ◽  
Jean-Paul Praud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Airway Closure ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Glottic Closure ◽  
Permeability Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Diaz, Véronique, Irenej Kianicka, Patrick Letourneau, and Jean-Paul Praud. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor electromyographic activity during permeability pulmonary edema in lambs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1598–1604, 1996.—Newborn mammals exhibit an active expiratory upper airway closure during the first hours of extrauterine life. We have recently shown that permeability pulmonary edema led to active expiratory glottic closure in awake newborn lambs while hypoxia (inspired O2 fraction 8%; 15 min) did not. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that expiratory glottic closure was accompanied by an increase in pharyngeal constrictor muscle expiratory electromyographic (EMG) activity. We studied seven awake nonsedated lambs aged 8–20 days. Airflow (facial mask + pneumotachograph), blood gases (arterial catheter), and EMG activity of both the thyroarytenoid muscle (a glottic adductor) and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle were recorded before and after intravenous injection of halothane (0.05 ml/kg) to induce a permeability pulmonary edema. A central apnea (duration 15 s to 5 min) with continuous thyroarytenoid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor activity was observed within seconds after halothane injection. One lamb died despite rescuing maneuvers. An expiratory phasic thyroarytenoid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity with simultaneous zero airflow gradually took place and, by 30 min after halothane injection, was present at each expiration in the six remaining lambs. Expiratory glottic and pharyngeal constrictor muscle EMG activity was subsequently present during the whole study period (1.5–5 h), even after correction of the initial hypoxia. Permeability lung edema was present at postmortem examination in all seven lambs. We conclude that a permeability pulmonary edema induced by intravenous halothane in nonsedated lambs enhances both glottic and pharyngeal constrictor muscle expiratory EMG. We hypothesize that expiratory contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle could participate in the active expiratory upper airway closure; this, in turn, might improve alveolocapillary gas exchange by increasing the end-expiratory lung volume.

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