Validation of freshwater mussel life‐history strategies: A database and multivariate analysis of freshwater mussel life‐history traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Moore ◽  
Nika Galic ◽  
Richard A. Brain ◽  
Daniel J. Hornbach ◽  
Valery E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Life History Strategies

Sexual size dimorphism and life history traits in an island-mainland system: an overview of the lizard genus Microlophus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ken S. Toyama ◽  
Christopher K. Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
South America ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

Abstract Opposing life history strategies are a common result of the different ecological settings experienced by insular and continental species. Here we present a comprehensive compilation of data on sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and life history traits of Microlophus, a genus of lizards distributed in western South America and the Galápagos Islands, and test for differences between insular and continental species under life history theory expectations. Contrary to our predictions, we found no differences in SSD between localities or evidence that Microlophus follows Rensch’s rule. However, as expected, head dimensions and maturity sizes were significantly larger in insular species while continental species had larger clutches. Our results show that Microlophus exhibits some of the patterns expected from an island-mainland system, but unexplained patterns will only be resolved through future ecological, morphological and behavioural studies integrating both faunas.

Linking life history strategies and historical baseline information shows effects of altered flow regimes and impoundments on freshwater mussel assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950-1961
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Khan ◽  
Jack Dudding ◽  
Michael Hart ◽  
Eric Tsakiris ◽  
Charles R. Randklev
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Baseline Information

scholarly journals Corticosterone, testosterone and life-history strategies of birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1697) ◽  
pp. 3203-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Hau ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Kelly A. Lee ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Season Length

Steroid hormones have similar functions across vertebrates, but circulating concentrations can vary dramatically among species. We examined the hypothesis that variation in titres of corticosterone (Cort) and testosterone (T) is related to life-history traits of avian species. We predicted that Cort would reach higher levels under stress in species with higher annual adult survival rates since Cort is thought to promote physiological and behavioural responses that reduce risk to the individual. Conversely, we predicted that peak T during the breeding season would be higher in short-lived species with high mating effort as this hormone is known to promote male fecundity traits. We quantified circulating hormone concentrations and key life-history traits (annual adult survival rate, breeding season length, body mass) in males of free-living bird species during the breeding season at a temperate site (northern USA) and a tropical site (central Panama). We analysed our original data by themselves, and also combined with published data on passerine birds to enhance sample size. In both approaches, variation in baseline Cort (Cort0) among species was inversely related to breeding season length and body mass. Stress-induced corticosterone (MaxCort) also varied inversely with body mass and, as predicted, also varied positively with annual adult survival rates. Furthermore, species from drier and colder environments exhibited lower MaxCort than mesic and tropical species; T was lowest in species from tropical environments. These findings suggest that Cort0, MaxCort and T modulate key vertebrate life-history responses to the environment, with Cort0 supporting energetically demanding processes, MaxCort promoting survival and T being related to mating success.

scholarly journals Switch between Life History Strategies Due to Changes in Glycolytic Enzyme Gene Dosage inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxiao Wang ◽  
Aymé Spor ◽  
Thibault Nidelet ◽  
Pierre Montalent ◽  
Christine Dillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Glucose Consumption Rate ◽  
Glycolytic Gene

ABSTRACTAdaptation is the process whereby a population or species becomes better fitted to its habitat through modifications of various life history traits which can be positively or negatively correlated. The molecular factors underlying these covariations remain to be elucidated. UsingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a model system, we have investigated the effects on life history traits of varying the dosage of genes involved in the transformation of resources into energy. Changing gene dosage for each of three glycolytic enzyme genes (hexokinase 2, phosphoglucose isomerase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase) resulted in variation in enzyme activities, glucose consumption rate, and life history traits (growth rate, carrying capacity, and cell size). However, the range of effects depended on which enzyme was expressed differently. Most interestingly, these changes revealed a genetic trade-off between carrying capacity and cell size, supporting the discovery of two extreme life history strategies already described in yeast populations: the “ants,” which have lower glycolytic gene dosage, take up glucose slowly, and have a small cell size but reach a high carrying capacity, and the “grasshoppers,” which have higher glycolytic gene dosage, consume glucose more rapidly, and allocate it to a larger cell size but reach a lower carrying capacity. These results demonstrate antagonist pleiotropy for glycolytic genes and show that altered dosage of a single gene drives a switch between two life history strategies in yeast.

scholarly journals Environmentally Modulated Repeat Evolution of Polymorphic Arctic Charr Life History Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Grenier ◽  
Aslak Smalås ◽  
Runar Kjær ◽  
Rune Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) morph is also known to occur within a portion of Arctic charr populations in the profundal habitat along with the PB/PZ individuals. Life history traits, such as age at maturity, growth, and diet are known to differ among coexisting morphs. Notably, the PP morph was the longest morph with the oldest age at maturity while the PB/PZ morph showed the shortest lengths overall and youngest age with LO morph being intermediate in both traits. Growth parameters differed across all the morphs. When examining growth within morph groups, the LO morph was found to have different growth across all lakes, while similar reproductive investments and different energy acquisition patterns were seen within the PB/PZ and PP morphs. These results suggest repeat evolution in several life history strategies of reproductively isolated Arctic charr sympatric morphs, notably for the first time in the PP morph, while also highlighting the importance of the local environment in modulating life history traits.

scholarly journals Variation in Demography and Life-History Strategies Across the Range of a Declining Mountain Bird Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud G. Barras ◽  
Sébastien Blache ◽  
Michael Schaub ◽  
Raphaël Arlettaz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Demographic Processes

Species- and population-specific responses to their environment may depend to a large extent on the spatial variation in life-history traits and in demographic processes of local population dynamics. Yet, those parameters and their variability remain largely unknown for many cold-adapted species, which are exposed to particularly rapid rates of environmental change. Here, we compared the demographic traits and dynamics for an emblematic bird species of European mountain ecosystems, the ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus). Using integrated population models fitted in a Bayesian framework, we estimated the survival probability, productivity and immigration of two populations from the Western European Alps, in France (over 11 years) and Switzerland (over 6 years). Juvenile apparent survival was lower and immigration rate higher in the Swiss compared to the French population, with the temporal variation in population growth rate driven by different demographic processes. Yet, when compared to populations in the northwestern part of the range, in Scotland, these two Alpine populations both showed a much lower productivity and higher adult survival, indicating a slower life-history strategy. Our results suggest that demographic characteristics can substantially vary across the discontinuous range of this passerine species, essentially due to contrasted, possibly locally evolved life-history strategies. This study therefore raises the question of whether flexibility in life-history traits is widespread among boreo-alpine species and if it might provide adaptive potential for coping with current environmental change.

scholarly journals Individual telomere dynamics and their links to life history in a viviparous lizard

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1951) ◽  
pp. 20210271
Author(s):  
L. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. Olsson ◽  
A. Pauliny ◽  
G. M. While ◽  
E. Wapstra
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Telomere Lengthening ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Emerging patterns suggest telomere dynamics and life history are fundamentally linked in endotherms through life-history traits that mediate the processes underlying telomere attrition. Unlike endotherms, ectotherms maintain the ability to lengthen somatic telomeres throughout life and the link between life-history strategies and ectotherm telomere dynamics is unknown. In a well-characterized model system ( Niveoscincus ocellatus ), we used long-term longitudinal data to study telomere dynamics across climatically divergent populations. We found longer telomeres in individuals from the cool highlands than those from the warm lowlands at birth and as adults. The key determinant of adult telomere length across populations was telomere length at birth, with population-specific effects of age and growth on adult telomere length. The reproductive effort had no proximate effect on telomere length in either population. Maternal factors influenced telomere length at birth in the warm lowlands but not the cool highlands. Our results demonstrate that life-history traits can have pervasive and context-dependent effects on telomere dynamics in ectotherms both within and between populations. We argue that these telomere dynamics may reflect the populations' different life histories, with the slow-growing cool highland population investing more into telomere lengthening compared to the earlier-maturing warm lowland population.

scholarly journals Life-history traits and description of the new gonochoric amphimictic Mesobiotus joenssoni (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from the island of Elba, Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Guidetti ◽  
Elisa Gneuß ◽  
Michele Cesari ◽  
Tiziana Altiero ◽  
Ralph O Schill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Comparative analyses of life-history theory studies are based on the characteristics of the life cycles of different species. For tardigrades, life-history traits are available only from laboratory cultures, most of which have involved parthenogenetic species. The discovery of a new gonochoristic bisexual Mesobiotus species in a moss collected on the island of Elba (Italy) provides us with the opportunity to describe Mesobiotus joenssoni sp. nov. and to collect data on the life-history traits of cultured specimens to increase our knowledge of the life-history strategies present in tardigrades. This new species is differentiated from all other species of the genus by the presence of granules (~1 µm in diameter) on the dorsal cuticle of the last two body segments, two large bulges (gibbosities) on the hindlegs and long, conical egg processes. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in body length, with females being longer than males of the same age. The mean lifespan of specimens was 86 days, with a maximum of 150 days. The mean age at first oviposition was 19.8 days and the mean egg hatching time 15.4 days. The life-cycle traits correspond to those collected for the only other two macrobiotid species with gonochoric amphimictic reproduction examined so far.

Life history characteristics and strategies of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Silver Eel ◽  
Male Size ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Female Age

Several life history hypotheses for the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, were examined using seaward-migrating silver-phase eels collected in the Annaquatucket River, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Female eels were significantly larger and older than males. Female eels also had a significantly higher mean growth rate. The addition of life history data from Annaquatucket River eels to published silver eel data from locations throughout the eels' range shows that female size at migration is positively correlated with latitude (r = 0.56, p = 0.05) but male size is not (r = 0.54, p = 0.17). Female age was not related to latitude (r = 0.57, p = 0.27) but male age showed a positive relationship (r = 0.87, p = 0.05). Growth rates for females and males were inversely related to latitude (r = -0.98, p = 0.02 and r = -0.95, p = 0.05, respectively). Differences between the latitudinal relationships and life history traits of the sexes may be due to differences in life history strategies.

scholarly journals Life-history strategies of calanoid congeners under two different climate regimes: a comparison

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Halsband-Lenk ◽  
François Carlotti ◽  
Wulf Greve
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Shelf Sea ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract To evaluate the relationship between different environmental temperature regimes and life-history traits of key planktonic taxa, the life cycles of congener pairs of Temora and Centropages species at two sites, a cold-temperate shelf sea (Helgoland Island, North Sea) and a warm-temperate oceanic site (Bay of Villefranche, Mediterranean) were compared in a multi-annual time-series. In an attempt to assemble a variety of parameters – some detailed, others sporadically measured – a synthesis of the life cycle is presented for each population. Although closely related, congeners showed distinct temperature preferences and specific adaptations of their life cycles to temperature regime. On the other hand, co-existing species such as T. longicornis and C. hamatus in the North Sea showed some analogous life-history traits. C. typicus occupied an intermediate position and was able to tolerate both temperature regimes by shifting its reproductive period between seasons. We point out interannual and inter-site variability in the populations investigated and identify the unsolved questions in regard to the seasonal dynamics of these species that require verification.

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