Ecological influences of human population size and distance to urban centres on fish communities in tropical lakes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Wolfgang Keppeler ◽  
Angela Castro de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Hallwass ◽  
Alpina Begossi ◽  
Morgana Carvalho de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Tropical Lakes

Plasma vitellogenin in male teleost fish from 43 rivers worldwide is correlated with upstream human population size

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (10) ◽  
pp. 3279-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre W. Desforges ◽  
Brendan D.L. Peachey ◽  
Pauline M. Sanderson ◽  
Paul A. White ◽  
Jules M. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Human Population

A semi-hybrid model for malaria with limited superinfection

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 1027-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Picard
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Modelling malaria with consistency necessitates the introduction of at least two families of interconnected processes. Even in a Markovian context the simplest fully stochastic model is intractable and is usually transformed into a hybrid model, by supposing that these two families are stochastically independent and linked only through two deterministic connections. A model closer to the fully stochastic model is presented here, where one of the two families is subordinated to the other and just a unique deterministic connection is required. For this model a threshold theorem can be proved but the threshold level is not the one obtained in a hybrid model. The difference disappears only when the human population size approaches infinity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dog population in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cáris M. Nunes ◽  
Dejanira de A. Martines ◽  
Stélios Fikaris ◽  
Luzia H. Queiróz
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Size And Structure

Planning control programs, for diseases such as rabies requires information on the size and structure of the dog and cat population. In order to evaluate the dog population of the urban area of Araçatuba city, S. Paulo State, Brazil, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to interview members of households. Eighty-eight districts were visited (37,778 houses) and the interview was possible at 77.93% of these. Human population size evaluated was 113,157 inhabitants. Houses that owned animals represented 55.2%, 26,926 of the animals concerned were dogs and 5,755 were cats. Of the dogs, 56.64% were 1-4 year olds and males represented 56.2% of the total population. Dog: person ratio was estimated at 2.8 dogs to every 10 persons, almost 3 times the ratio hitherto estimated and used in the planning of rabies vaccination campaigns.

scholarly journals Effective population size of current human population

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEEYOUNG PARK
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Hapmap Phase ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Genetic Drifts

SummaryIn order to estimate the effective population size (Ne) of the current human population, two new approaches, which were derived from previous methods, were used in this study. One is based on the deviation from linkage equilibrium (LE) between completely unlinked loci in different chromosomes and another is based on the deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). When random mating in a population is assumed, genetic drifts in population naturally induce linkage disequilibrium (LD) between chromosomes and the deviation from HWE. The latter provides information on the Ne of the current population, and the former provides the same when the Ne is constant. If Ne fluctuates, recent Ne changes are reflected in the estimates based on LE, and the comparison between two estimates can provide information regarding recent changes of Ne. Using HapMap Phase III data, the estimates were varied from 622 to 10 437, depending on populations and estimates. The Ne appeared to fluctuate as it provided different estimates for each of the two methods. These Ne estimates were found to agree approximately with the overall increment observed in recent human populations.

Radiocarbon dates as estimates of ancient human population size

Anthropocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Chaput ◽  
Konrad Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

scholarly journals Highly diverse mesophotic reef fish communities in Raja Ampat, West Papua

Coral Reefs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic A. Andradi-Brown ◽  
Angela J. E. Beer ◽  
Luigi Colin ◽  
Hastuti ◽  
Catherine E. I. Head ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
West Papua

Abstract Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30–150 m depth) are poorly studied, with existing research heavily geographically biased away from the most species-rich reef regions. Yet, MCEs are of high interest because of their unique species and potential to act as refuges from the impacts of fishing. Using baited remote underwater video systems, we surveyed reef fish communities from 2 to 85 m depths throughout the Raja Ampat archipelago in West Papua, Indonesia—an area considered the heart of the Coral Triangle where coral reef biodiversity is greatest. We sought to provide the first assessment of fish communities across this depth gradient in the region and identify whether human population density and market access differently affected fish abundance based on depth. Here we show that—similar to shallow reefs—Raja Ampat MCEs are exceptionally diverse, with 152 fish species recorded at depths greater than 40 m. We found that fish community structures were highly depth driven, with declines in fish abundance at increased depth. In contrast to previous studies elsewhere in the world, we found that the proportion of planktivores declined across the shallow reef to MCE depth gradient. While greater human population density correlated with lower Epinephelidae and Lutjanidae abundance (two key fisheries families), we did not find evidence that MCEs provide a depth refuge from fishing. Surprisingly, we also found that fish abundance declined at greater distances from the major regional market—likely caused by historical fisheries pressure in more remote areas. These results both expand upon and contrast some previously established MCE-depth patterns and human impact patterns on fish communities, suggesting that regional context and historical pressures matters. Our findings highlight the need for future MCE studies within the Coral Triangle region.

scholarly journals ENERGY, SPECIES RICHNESS, AND HUMAN POPULATION SIZE: CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS AT A NATIONAL SCALE

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Chown ◽  
Berndt J. van Rensburg ◽  
Kevin J. Gaston ◽  
Ana S. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Albert S. van Jaarsveld
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Conservation Implications

scholarly journals Selecting priority areas to conserve Psittacines in the Brazilian cerrado: minimizing human–conservation conflicts

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
MÍRIAM PLAZA PINTO ◽  
PABLO VINÍCIUS CLEMENTE MATHIAS ◽  
DANIEL BLAMIRES ◽  
JOSÉ ALEXANDRE FELIZOLA DINIZ-FILHO ◽  
LUIS MAURICIO BINI
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Rapid Destruction ◽  
Number Of Cells

The rapid destruction of habitat in biodiversity hotspots calls for the urgent formulation of conservation strategies. In this study, macro-scale biogeographical data for 33 species of Psittacines were used to select networks of priority areas, using an algorithm based on the complementarity concept. Human population size was also incorporated as a cost in the selection process, and the two networks of priority areas (with and without cost) were compared. In the comparison the number of cells selected to represent all species did not differ, but a rearrangement occurred between them. Two of the four cells were located in the same place, and the others changed location but stayed aggregated within the same regions. The study shows that it is possible to minimize human population size and represent all species in a network of priority areas.

Use of U.S. Census Bureau Data to Expose Students to Dynamic Population Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 572-577
Author(s):  
Evan Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
World Population ◽  
Quantitative Literacy ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Dynamic Population ◽  
The U.S

Global human population size and understanding how it has changed and will change in the future are important concepts for students. Here I describe exercises that use online databases provided by the U.S. Census Bureau to show students how both population size and the rate of change vary over time. In the first exercise, the U.S. population clock is used to calculate daily birth, death, and migrant and death rates, and how the world population clock is used to calculate the rate of change. These rates can be used to predict what the population size would be if the rates remained unchanged for a predetermined time interval. In the second exercise, historical data are used to determine the years with the most change in U.S. and world population size, then calculate how much larger the current population would be if those historical rates of change remained constant. These exercises have improved quantitative literacy while showing students current and historical trends in human population.

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