Surface modification of bamboo fibers by diammonium phosphate and their applications in flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane

2021 ◽  
pp. 50606
Author(s):  
Quan Wu ◽  
Yanxiang Liu ◽  
Zhongqiang Han ◽  
Ming Su ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Surface modification of thermoplastic polyurethane in order to enhance reactivity and avoid cell adhesion

2009 ◽  
Vol 287 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Alves ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kaiser ◽  
Janne Haack ◽  
Natalie Salk ◽  
Arie Bruinink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Bacterial cellulose as a carbon nano-fiber precursor: Enhancement of thermal stability and electrical conductivity

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3408-3426
Author(s):  
Fateme Rezaei ◽  
Rabi Behrooz ◽  
Shahram Arbab ◽  
Ehsanollah Nosratian Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Nanofiber Sheets

Bacterial cellulose was selected as a potential precursor for the production of carbon nanofiber because of its high purity and crystallinity. Diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as a flame retardant was used to impregnate the cellulosic nanofiber sheet precursor in order to increase its thermal stability during the thermal processing. Also, the effect of heating rate on the stabilization and carbonization processes of cellulosic nanofiber samples was investigated. The precursor and resulted carbon nanofiber sheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical characteristics. The results showed that the simultaneous usage of flame retardant (diammonium phosphate) and low heating rate in the stabilization process (2 °C min-1) increases thermal stability of cellulosic nanofiber sheets and the carbon yield. The presence of a flame retardant acts like a low heating rate effect but does not significantly affect the high heating rate of the stabilization process. As carbonization temperature increased, electrical conductivity and crystallite size were increased for impregnated samples. The carbonization process at 1200 °C, with a heating rate of 2 °C min-1, makes bacterial cellulose precursor an appropriate candidate for producing carbon nanofiber sheets with proper electrical characteristics.

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