Synthesis of a novel char‐forming agent (PEIC): Improvement in flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 48296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Dong ◽  
Jinian Yang ◽  
Xinzhu Hua ◽  
Shibin Nie ◽  
Fanbei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Polypropylene Composites

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Yilin Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Miaojun Xu ◽  
Lili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Average Mass

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer has been used extensively in many fields. However, EVA is flammable and releases CO gas during burning. In this work, a composite flame retardant with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a charring–foaming agent (CFA), and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing rare-earth elements (REEs) was obtained and used to improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for an EVA matrix. The thermal analysis showed that the maximum thermal degradation temperature of all composites increased by more than 37 °C compared with that of pure EVA. S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA could achieve self-extinguishing behavior according to the UL-94 tests (V-0 rating). The peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) indicated that all LDHs containing REEs obviously reduced the fire strength in comparison with S-MgAl. In particular, pk-HRR of S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA were all decreased by more than 82% in comparison with pure EVA. Furthermore, the total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and production rate of CO (COP) also decreased significantly. The average mass loss rate (AMLR) confirmed that the flame retardant exerted an effect in the condensed phase of the composites. Meanwhile, the combination of APP, CFA, and LDH containing REEs allowed the EVA matrix to maintain good mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Solid Wastes Toward Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhua Gao ◽  
Siqi Huo ◽  
Zhenhu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

It has been significant yet challenging to recycle and reuse different kinds of wastes because of their mass production within society. Many efforts have been conducted to reuse wastes in different fields. Interestingly, some wastes have been employed to replace traditional petroleum-based flame retardants for polymeric materials. This review focuses on the recent development of waste flame retardants and their impacts on thermal stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of polymers, followed by representative flame-retardant mechanisms. Finally, the key challenges associated with waste flame retardants are presented, and some future perspectives are proposed.

Preparation of lignin–silica hybrids and its application in intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) system

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xifu Xiao ◽  
Qilong Tai ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Silica Hybrids ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Lignin–silica hybrids (LSHs) were prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LSH and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were added into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a novel intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system to improve the flame retardancy of PLA. The flame-retardant effect of APP and LSH in PLA was studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) tests and cone calorimeter. The thermal stability of PLA/APP/LSH composites was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, the morphology and components of char residues of the IFR-PLA composites were investigated by SEM and XPS. With the addition of APP/LSH to PLA system, the morphology of the char residue has obviously changed. Compared with PLA/APP and PLA/APP/lignin, a continuous and dense intumescent charring layer with more phosphor in PLA composites is formed, which exhibits better flame retardancy. All the results show that the combination of APP and LSH can improve the flame-retardant property and increase the thermal stability of PLA composites greatly.

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