Investigation of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) foaming process using blowing agent by rheological and morphological methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 47358
Author(s):  
Hyo Jae Kong ◽  
Seung Hak Lee ◽  
Dong Gun Kim ◽  
Hyo Jun Kim ◽  
Gun Wook Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process

The Influence of the Foaming Agents on the Porosity of the PM Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocomposites Processed by Two-Step Sintering

2015 ◽  
Vol 1128 ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Cristina Teișanu ◽  
Carmen Ristoscu ◽  
Gabriela Sima
Keyword(s):  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Titanium Hydride Powder ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Hydride Powder

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the foaming process developed in hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based bicomposites as a function of the foaming agent. The matrix of the biocomposite consists of either submicronic or micronic powder particles of HAp. The titanium hydride powder was added as reinforcement’s precursor as well as blowing agent, and in order to increase the biocomposites’ porosity calcium carbonate was added as space holder agent. The powders mixture was homogenized in a planetary ball mill with a single grinding bowl for 1 minute in air. Uniaxial cold compaction at 120-170 MPa was performed in order to obtain cylindrical green parts, which next were heated in argon atmosphere using the two step sintering technique at temperatures of 900 °C for 1 minute and 800°C for 450 - 600 minutes. The porosity of the biocomposite is analysed through calculations and SEM and EDS analysis highlighting the influence of the above mentioned foaming techniques (blowing and space holder).

scholarly journals Viscoelastic epoxy foams by an aqueous emulsion foaming process

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Du Ngoc Uy Lan ◽  
Muhammad Syazwan Fauzi ◽  
Cao Xuan Viet ◽  
Daniel Raps ◽  
Volker Altstädt
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Viscoelastic Foams ◽  
Emulsifying Ability

The research proposed an aqueous emulsion foaming process to produce a viscoelastic epoxy foam having a density of 0.33–0.36 g/cm3 from the polyamide–epoxy adduct, which uses a reverse ratio of epoxy and polyamide hardener. The process is simple, economical and uses no surfactant, thanks to the emulsifying ability of polyamide hardener. Firstly, the mixture of excess polyamide, epoxy and sodium bicarbonate was emulsified with distilled water using high-speed stirring to form dispersed epoxy droplets in water. Secondly, a solution of ammonium chloride was added, which reacted with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia gases dispersed in the epoxy emulsion. The expanding gases induced flocculation and partial coalescence of the epoxy droplets; sequentially water molecules were entrapped within them. Finally, a curing process was carried out to stabilise the foam morphology and structure. Two types of pore morphologies were observed: a large foam-pore generated from blowing-agent gases and a cell-wall pore formed from the vapourisation of entrapped water (as the void template). Porosity and pore morphologies depended on blowing-agent content, and the viscoelasticity was affected by the epoxy/polyamide ratio. The obtained viscoelastic foams showed a large number of interconnected cells and exhibited high compression set values.

scholarly journals Thermo-expandable microcapsule as a blowing agent for producing thermoplastic elastomer vulcanized syntactic foam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Riou ◽  
G. Ausias ◽  
T. Gaudry ◽  
J.-M. Veillé ◽  
J. Férec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Blowing Agent

Dynamic rheology and foaming behaviour of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene/ polystyrene blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritima Banerjee ◽  
Suprakas Sinha Ray ◽  
Anup K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Rheology ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Nucleating Effect

Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene and its blends containing 10, 30 and 50 wt% polystyrene were subjected to batch foaming using physical blowing agent carbon dioxide. At higher foaming temperatures (80–110℃), complex viscosity ( η*) and storage modulus ( E′) were found to control the volume expansion ratio and the shrinkage of foams. For a given composition, optimal volume expansion was achieved at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature ( T g) of the polystyrene phase of that composition, indicating the presence of a complex viscosity window favourable for the foaming process. Blends with 30% and 50% polystyrene content possessed higher values of E′ and η*, and produced stable foams having higher volume expansion ratio, when foamed within their respective η* windows. At a much lower foaming temperature (35℃), polystyrene was found to have a nucleating effect. However, irrespective of rheological properties, all foams showed prominent shrinkage. A higher polystyrene content resulted in a lower volume expansion ratio, as well as shrinkage over a shorter period of time and a greater extent of shrinkage in the same time span. This can be attributed to the selective foaming of the ethylene–butylene phase, hindered by the stiff polystyrene aggregates.

scholarly journals Test Method for the Solubility Model of Physical Blowing Agent of Self-Expanding Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Heyang Jia ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Meimei Hao ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yanhui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Solubility Curve ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Complete Test ◽  
Solubility Model ◽  
Verification Process

This paper aims to present a solubility model of physical blowing agent (PBA) for a kind of commonly used self-expanding polymer on engineering. The self-expanding polymer contains Component A (isocyanate) and Component B (polyhydric alcohol, PBA, water, and catalyst). Component B grout of the polymer, which contains PBA, was heated to measure its temperature and volume variations. Based on the principle of mass conservation and Clapeyron equation, the solubility curve of PBA with respect to temperature was calculated. The solubility curve was then applied to simulate the foaming process. A two-component polymer grout foaming experiment was then carried out to verify the applicability of the measured solubility curve. The simulated changes of temperature and density with respect to time of polymer grout were analyzed and compared with experimental results. The error of both sets of curves is within 5%, which shows a good agreement among them and proves the feasibility of the solubility model. This study provides a relatively complete test and verification process for the solubility model of PBA, which lays a theoretical foundation for both the polymer grouting diffusion mechanism and engineering application.

Influence of Zinc Oxide Addition on Azodicarbonamide Thermal Decomposition in the Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Foaming Release

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Bambang Afrinaldi ◽  
David Natanael Vicarneltor ◽  
Reza Pahlevi Rudianto ◽  
Arif Rachman Hakim ◽  
Opa Fajar Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Oxide Addition

Thermal properties, i.e. melting point and decomposition temperature of polymers, azodicarbonamide (ADC), and other additives mixture, are the most important information to determine the appropriate foaming process parameters. ADC has been widely used as a blowing agent for foam fabrication. Here, ADC will decompose and release gas which will be trapped in the melting polymer to make a foamed product. Originally, ADC has a decomposition temperature at around 220°C. In this study, the effect of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) addition on the thermal properties of intermediate product and Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (PE/EVA) foam with ADC as the blowing agent was investigated. ZnO addition decreased the decomposition temperature of ADC. The thermal properties were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The result showed that the decomposition temperature of ADC significantly decreased from the temperature of 220°C to 170°C with the increment of the ZnO.

Foaming of CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu Xiong ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Huan Yuan ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Guo Qiang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Are a Kind of Novel Multifunctional Foams which Have a Potential Application for Lightweight Conductive and EMI Shielding Materials. In this Work, the CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams with Different CNTs Contents from 1wt.% to 10wt.% Were Prepared at a Temperature Range of 50-140 °C with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Blowing Agent. The Results Suggest that the Fully Heterogeneous Nucleation Is Achieved due to the Contribution of Well-Dispersed CNTs in PMMA. The CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Exhibit a Uniform Cell Distribution, and the Cell Density Is Two Orders of Magnitude Higher than that of PMMA Foams. The Cell Size and Cell Density of CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Could Be Controlled by Adjusting the Foaming Process and CNTs Contents. It Is Also Suggested that the Foaming Process Plays an Important Role on the Cell Structure Rather than that of CNTs Content when it Is Higher than 1wt.%.

Thermal Properties Determination of Polypropylene/Rice Straw Biocomposite Foam via DSC

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Nazuha Tugiman ◽  
Zurina Mohamad ◽  
Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Twin Screw

Polymer foam biocomposites based on polypropylene/rice straw (PP/RS) were successfully prepared by using an extrusion foaming process. The compounding of PP and RS was performed in a twin-screw extruder which was blended with crosslinker; dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and blowing agent; azodicarbonamide (AZ). The foam biocomposite was extruded at temperatures of 180, 190, 190 and 200 °C respectively, which set from the feeder until the die zone. The thermal properties were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Fabrication of Zn Alloy Foam via Powder Metallurgical Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Chen ◽  
Dong Hui Yang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Jian Qing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Mg Addition ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
Zn Alloy

Powder metallurgical (PM) route is one of the methods for metal foam fabrication. In this paper, we report the fabrication of Zn alloy foams with 0~50wt.% Mg via powder metallurgical approach by using CaCO3 as the blowing agent. The fabrication process included 5 steps: powders mixing, cool-pressing, heat treatment, hot-pressing, foaming and cooling. The effects of Mg addition, foaming temperature on the foaming process were discussed. Finally, the compressive behavior of Zn alloy foam was evaluated.

Manufacture of Aluminum Foam without Thickening Agent via Melt Foaming Method and its Compressive Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
Zhong Yun Hu ◽  
Dong Hui Yang ◽  
Wei Ping Chen ◽  
Jian Qing Chen ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Thickening Agent ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Al Foams

This paper reported the fabrication of cellular Al foams without thickening agent addition via melt foaming method with the porosity rage of 62.4%-83.3% and the pore size of approximate 2.0mm. CaCO3 was selected as the blowing agent. 1.0wt.%-3.0wt.% Mg was added in the matrix. The gas releasing reaction mechanism was revealed by TG-DTA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis) experiments. The influence of the adding methods of Mg and CaCO3 on the foaming process was studied and the results showed that, compared to adding powder mixture, the method of adding Mg bulk into the melt before the addition of CaCO3 produces Al foams with better pore structure. Finally, the compressive behaviors of Al foams were investigated.

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