Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 46995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Cheng ◽  
Guanghui Sui ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Xiaomin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-Oilphenol-Formaldehyde Resins under Alkali Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Günay Özbay ◽  
Caglar Cekic ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Erkan Sami Kokten
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the present study, bio-oil produced from vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass has been investigated as a source of chemical feedstock. Bio-based resins were produced using the bio- oil with phenol substitutions ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. The conventional GC/MS analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the chemical composition of bio-oil. TGA, DSC and FT-IR analyses were used in order to characterize the bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins. The bonding quality of wood samples bonded with the BPF resins was investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. The highest shear strength was observed for the control samples bonded with the laboratory PF resin. As the amount of bio-oil was increased up to 30 wt%, the shear strength of the samples decreased from 12.08 to 11.76 N/mm2. The bonding performance was not negatively affected by the combination of bio-oil under dry conditions. According to TS EN 12765 standard, the relevant performance requirements for bonded samples under dry conditions must be at least 10 N/mm2. Relating to the standard, all samples bonded with BPF resins obtained the requirements for durability class C1. Under wet conditions, the bonding performance was negatively affected by the addition of bio-oil. However, the BPF resins fulfilled the durability requirements for C1, C2, and C3 specified in EN 12765 (2002).

scholarly journals Preparation of highly water-resistant wood adhesives using ECH as a crosslinking agent

e-Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Chen Ding ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhikang Chen ◽  
Yufei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Type I ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wood Adhesives

Abstract In this study, kraft lignin and epichlorohydrin (ECH) were used to prepare no-formaldehyde wood adhesives. The lignin was first treated by ball milling, then reacted with glyoxal to produce glyoxalated lignin under alkaline conditions, and then blended with ECH to prepare lignin-based formaldehyde-free adhesive. The influence of the content of ECH on the physicochemical properties of the adhesives was explored, and the possible synthesis mechanism of the ECH-modified glyoxalated lignin adhesives (glyoxalated kraft lignin-epoxy [GKLE]) was investigated. The results show that ECH was beneficial to improving the plywood shear strength and water resistance; the plywood prepared with GKLE-50 adhesive displays comparable water resistance as phenol–formaldehyde resins and its wet shear strength (type I) was 1.05 MPa, exceeding the Chinese National Standards GB/T 9846-2015. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the increase of ECH content promoted the adhesive to penetrate the wood to form glue nails, improving the wet shear strength of the plywood. Chemical analysis indicated that glyoxalation was used to introduce hydroxyethyl groups into the ortho positions of the aromatic rings of lignin, and then the ring-opening reaction between glyoxalated lignin and ECH occurred forming ether bonds. Overall, lignin has displayed great potential in replacing formaldehyde-based adhesives for industrial applications.

Improving Performance of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified/Blended with Phenol-Rich Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiaosheng Liu ◽  
Huidong Su ◽  
An Mao ◽  
Hui Wan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Abstract In this study, we compare the panel performance of plywood made with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins modified and blended with phenol-rich bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of biomass. The modified PF resins were synthesized with phenol-rich bio-oil at phenol substitutions of 10, 25, 50, and 75 percent. The blended PF resins were prepared by blending control PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil at 4, 13, 23, and 38 percent by weight. These resins were examined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and evaluated as plywood binders. The results indicated that the apparent viscosities of modified PF resins were similar to those of control PF resin, while the apparent viscosities of blended PF resins increased with the addition of phenol-rich bio-oil. As the amount of phenol-rich bio-oil increased, the gel times of both modified and blended PF resins decreased first and then increased. FTIR results showed that modified PF resins with up to 25 percent substitution had FTIR spectra similar to those of control PF resin, while blended PF resins with a higher amount of added bio-oil had spectra more like those of bio-oil. TGA results showed that at temperatures of 25°C to 400°C, both modified and blended PF resins with high bio-oil content had better thermal stability than the control PF resin. Panel tests showed that modifying or synthesizing PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil up to 50 percent increased both dry and wet bond strength. Blending PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil up to 13 percent increased both dry and wet bond strength compared with control PF resin.

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