Crack growth behavior of natural rubber influenced by functionalized carbon nanotubes

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxuan Ding ◽  
Xijuan Cao ◽  
Gengsheng Weng ◽  
Qiyan Yin ◽  
Liting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

scholarly journals FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVOR OF CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Tunnicliffe
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Amplification Factors

ABSTRACT Fatigue crack growth behavior of carbon black–reinforced natural rubber is investigated. Rubber compounds of Shore A = 70 are prepared by varying the formulation loadings of a wide range of carbon black types based on their structure and surface area properties. The resulting fatigue crack growth behavior shows significant variation in β exponent values, depending on the properties of the carbon black. These variations are rationalized by considering the strain amplification of natural rubber by carbon black aggregates in the region of compound directly ahead of the crack tip. An assumption is made that little networking of the carbon black aggregates exists in this region of very high strain and that hydrodynamic calculations that consider occluded rubber can therefore provide realistic values for strain amplification. A reasonable scaling of power law crack growth parameters to calculated strain amplification factors is found, with the exponent, β, decreasing with increasing strain amplification. The implication here is that enhanced strain amplification promotes the formation of strain-induced crystallites in the crack tip region. Performance tradeoffs resulting from the crossover of crack growth data sets dependent on the carbon black type are discussed. Of practical significance is the fact that the strain amplification factors can be calculated directly from knowledge of carbon black type and loading in rubber formulations.

Studies of Rubber Abrasion

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Southern ◽  
A. G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
General Model ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Abrasion Rate ◽  
Rate Of Movement

Abstract The general model proposed, which assumes that crack growth plays an important part in the abrasion process when abrasion patterns are produced, is supported by evidence from the behavior of noncrystallizing rubbers. In particular, the rate of movement of the pattern across the surface is closely related to the crack growth behavior. Natural rubber behaves under abrasion conditions as if it were prevented from exhibiting its usual crystallization-enhanced strength. An important factor determining the abrasion rate, in addition to the crack growth behavior, is the angle at which the hypothetical cracks at the pattern base grow. What determines this angle is not yet clear, but it appears to be closely related to the geometry of the pattern, and it seems likely, from a study of this geometry, that much of the loss of rubber occurs from the steeply raked face of the pattern. The pattern spacing, as well as depending on the abrading force, also appears to be influenced by the test temperature and the glass transition temperature of the rubber, suggesting that viscoelastic considerations are important.

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