Structural changes during the thermal stabilization of modified and original polyacrylonitrile precursors

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jie ◽  
Zhang Wangxi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stabilization

scholarly journals Modeling of canonical and C2′-O-thiophenylmethyl modified hexamers of RNA. Insights into the nature of structural changes and thermal stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 10177-10183
Author(s):  
Yannick Kokouvi Dzowo ◽  
Carly Wolfbrandt ◽  
Marino J. E. Resendiz ◽  
Haobin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stabilization

Modification of the C2′-O-position with thiophenylmethyl groups on both strands leads to thermal stabilization of the duplex. Predicting the effects that modifications will have on structure of RNA is of importance in the development of new RNA technologies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Terpolymerization Systems for the Development of Carbon Fiber Precursors of PAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcalá-Sánchez ◽  
Juan-Carlos Tapia-Picazo ◽  
Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet ◽  
Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas ◽  
J. M. López-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Precursor Polymer ◽  
Precursor Polymers ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibers (FPAN) is one of the most important steps in the production of carbon fibers (CFs). In this paper, new precursor polymers from PAN have been synthesized with different chemical characteristics using a solution polymerization, and FPAN was obtained using an unconventional wet spinning system in the drying and collapsing steps. The effect of different operation conditions, comonomers, and termonomers on the properties of precursor polymers, polymerization reactions, mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and stabilization of the FPAN was studied and analyzed. FTIR and optical microscopy were used to analyze structural changes of FPAN in the thermal stabilization. The impact of the chemical composition of the precursor polymers on the physicochemical characteristics of FPAN and their behavior in the thermal stabilization process were evaluated. In particular, itaconic acid termonomer improved the tensile strength of the fibers from 8.07 to 16.87 cN/dtex, and the extent stabilization increased from 1.81 to 4.6. FTIR indicated that the reaction of stabilization of the terpolymer developed was initiated at a lower temperature compared to that of a commercial precursor polymer.

scholarly journals Effect of heat treatment on structural changes in metastable AlSi10mg alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jordovic ◽  
B. Nedeljkovic ◽  
N. Mitrovic ◽  
J. Zivanic ◽  
A. Maricic
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
Free Electron Density ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Two Stages

This paper presents a study on structural changes occurring in a rapidly quenched metastable AlSi10Mg alloy during heating cycles within the temperature range from room temperature to 800 K. Measurement of electrical resistivity of a ribbon showed that structural stabilization takes place at temperatures ranging from 450 K to 650 K. The isotherms of the electrical resistivity measured at temperatures 473 K, 483 K and 498 K revealed two stages of structural stabilization i.e. a kinetic process and diffusion process. Measurement of the thermoelectromotive force of the thermocouple made from the investigated alloy and a copper conductor by a mechanical joining was used to determine relative changes in the electron density of states of the quenched sample after successive heat treatments. The same alloy sample was subjected to successive heat treatments at temperatures up to 503 K, 643 K, 683 K and 763 K. The change in the thermopower suggested that each heating was followed by an increase in free electron density in the alloy. Therefore, the abrupt decline in electrical resistivity was induced by an increase in both the mean free electron path and free electron density during the thermal stabilization of the structure.

Structural changes in thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibre

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Tarakanova ◽  
V. M. Bondarenko ◽  
M. T. Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Fibre

Mechanical synthesis of copper–carbon nanocomposites: Structural changes, strengthening and thermal stabilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 528 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 8610-8620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nunes ◽  
V. Livramento ◽  
R. Mateus ◽  
J.B. Correia ◽  
L.C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Mechanical Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposites

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
E. Zeitler ◽  
M. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Membrane Changes in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes During Ionophore (A23187) - Induced Lysosomal Release

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore ◽  
P.L. Sannes ◽  
H.L. Bank ◽  
S.S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes ◽  
Intracellular Ion Concentrations ◽  
Membrane Changes ◽  
Pmn Leukocyte

It is thought that calcium and/or magnesium may play important roles in polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte functions such as chemotaxis, adhesion and phagocytosis. Yet, a clear understanding of the biological roles of these ions has awaited the development of techniques which permit a selective alteration of intracellular ion concentrations. Recently, treatment of cells with the ionophore A23187 has been used to alter intracellular divalent cation concentrations. This ionophore is a lipid soluble antibiotic produced by Streptomyces chartreusensis that complexes with both calcium and magnesium (3) and is believed to carry these ions across biological membranes (4). Biochemical investigations of human PMN leukocytes demonstrate that cells treated with A23187 and extracellular calcium release their lysosomal enzymes into the extracellular medium without rupturing and releasing their soluble cytoplasmic enzymes (5,6). The aim of the present study and and a companion report (7) was to investigate the structural changes that occur in leukocytes during ionophore-induced lysosomal enzyme release.

The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Werner J. Niklowitz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

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