Preparation and properties of waterborne poly(urethane urea)s for adhesives: The effects of the 2,2-bis(hydroxylmethyl)propionic acid content on the properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sil Kwak ◽  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Byung Ha Yoo ◽  
Han Do Kim
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 1. Preservation and digestibility in pig

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Spent Liquor

Wood molasses from sulphate spent liquor was tested as a preservative for high moisture barley. In Exp. 1 wood molasses was applied at levels of 8 and 16 % of barley dry matter (DM). In Exp. 2 an application level of 12 % was compared with AIV II solution used at a level of 3 l/1000 kg. Barley was rolled before ensiling and water was added so that the moisture content was 55 % in Exp. 1 and 55—60 % in Exp. 2. Digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing pigs, liveweight 31—81 kg, were determined for dried barley, propionic acid treated barley and barleys ensiled with AIV II or wood molasses (12 % of barley DM). In Exp. 1 the application level of 8 % unneulralized wood molasses (pH 2) was sufficient to prevent deterioration during storage. The preservative effect was based mainly on the acidity provided by organic acids. With the higher level of application the lactic acid content was lower (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2barley ensiled with neutralized wood molasses had a higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid content and a lower pH value (P < 0.05) than barley ensiled with AIV II. Wood molasses decreased protein breakdown during the storage. The effect of DM content on fermentation and proteolysis was greater for AIV II ensiled barley. During the storage the sugar content increased because of starch hydrolysis. DM, organic matter (OM), NFE and starch digestibilities were lower on diets of barley ensiled with AIV II and wood molasses than on dried barley diet (P < 0.05). OM digestibilities for the diets were 82.2, 81.0 and 85.4 %, respectively. The digestibility of barley treated with propionic acid was slightly lower than that of dried barley. No differences were found in nitrogen retention.

Effect of tomato juice consumption on the plasmatic lipid profile, hepatic HMGCR activity, and fecal short chain fatty acid content of rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4460-4467 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Periago ◽  
Gala Martín-Pozuelo ◽  
Rocío González-Barrio ◽  
Marina Santaella ◽  
Victoria Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect

The plausible mechanisms of the hypocholesterolemic effect of tomato juice have been studied evaluating the activity of HMGCR in liver and the propionic acid formation in feces.

Biogenic Amine Formation and “Zapatera” Spoilage of Fermented Green Olives: Effect of Storage Temperature and Debittering Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GARCÍA GARCÍA ◽  
C. ROMERO BARRANCO ◽  
M. C. DURÁN QUINTANA ◽  
A. GARRIDO FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Practical Stabilization

The effects of temperature and the debittering process on amine formation and other chemical changes related to “zapatera” spoilage of fermented green table olives during storage, without any chemical correction, were studied. Unwashed olive brines were more concentrated in all analyzed compounds, except NaCl. No changes in formic, acetic, and succinic acids or in ethanol, hydroxytyrosol, or tyrosol were observed in the olive brines during storage. The concentration of putrescine in the brine at the beginning of storage and end of fermentation was about 38 mg/liter, and it did not change during storage. This amine only seems to be produced during the active fermentation phase. The effects of temperature and the type of debittering process and time and its interactions (except the time × temperature × debittering process on pH) had signi cant effects on the production of cadaverine and tyramine, as well as on changes of pH and lactic and propionic acids. Storage at 15°C produced a complete stabilization of the fermented olives. However, storage of washed olives at 20 and 28°C produced a gradual decrease of lactic acid content, an increase in pH, production of propionic acid, and formation of cadaverine and tyramine, the effect becoming greater as the temperature rose. It appears that formation of cadaverine and tyramine only occurs during storage and might be related to zapatera spoilage. Changes were always significantly lower in unwashed olives, which leads to a practical stabilization of the product.

A LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND FORMALDEHYDE AS PRESERVATIVES FOR WET CAGE LAYER EXCRETA INTENDED FOR RECYCLING BY FEEDING TO LIVESTOCK

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
O. B. SMITH ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
E. T. MORAN JR. ◽  
C. A. FOX
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen

A previous study on the feeding value of wet cage layer excreta (CLE) indicated the need for a chemical preservative to stabilize CLE and control odor. An acetic–propionic acid mixture, formaldehyde, and an acetic–propionic acid-formaldehyde mixture were evaluated as preservatives during a 28-day storage period. Two-kilogram amounts of 3-day-old CLE were treated with the three chemicals each at 0.25% (low rate), 0.50% (medium rate) and 1.0% (high rate) wt/wt. Each excreta sample was inoculated with 5 × 106Salmonella infantis/g. All treatments were replicated twice and stored uncovered at 22 °C. Discoloration, mold growth and putrefaction as well as changes in pH, dry matter, total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and volatile fatty acid content of samples taken at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment were the criteria of evaluation. Total Coliform count and Salmonella recovery were also recorded. The acetic–propionic acid mixture appeared most effective in retarding physical deterioration, especially mold growth and discoloration. All three chemicals were equally effective (P >.05) in reducing nitrogen losses. A level × time interaction effect (P <.05) was obtained for all parameters. Compared to the control, the medium and high rates of treatment effectively retarded deterioration for 7 and 14 days, respectively. The rise in pH, nitrogen losses, ammoniacal nitrogen and butyric acid content of samples treated at the medium and high rates were lower (P <.05) than for the control, and spoilage was less extensive. Beyond 14 days, spoilage and nitrogen losses were similar (P >.05) to that observed in the control. The low treatment rate was in general ineffective in preventing spoilage and nitrogen losses. Total Coliform counts decreased with time, and Salmonellae recovery was nil from 7 days post-inoculation for all treatments including the control.

The effect of disc submergence level on the performance of a laboratory-scale anaerobic rotating biological contactor: implications for digester design and modelling

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W.-S. Tseng ◽  
M. A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Shock Loads ◽  
Dynamic Conditions

A hypothesis was advanced that an anaerobic rotating biological contactor (AnRBC) digester, if operated with its discs half rather than fully submerged, should show an enhanced capability to withstand shock loads. Laboratory-scale AnRBC digesters were constructed and their performance under 50% and 100% disc submergence conditions compared. In all cases, under otherwise comparable conditions the performance in the 50% disc submergence mode was better. From measurements, including biogas hydrogen concentration, pH and propionic acid content of the digester liquid, it was concluded that it was the markedly better hydrogen stripping capability of the digester operated with discs only half submerged that accounted for its superior performance. Implications for design and modelling of digesters are discussed. It is concluded that current models of anaerobic digester systems need to reflect more accurately the actual hydrodynamic conditions in digesters if good predictions of digester performance under dynamic conditions are to be realised.

scholarly journals Determination of the Concentration of Propionic Acid in an Aqueous Solution by POD-GP Model and Spectroscopy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8288
Author(s):  
Mariusz Adamski ◽  
Mirosław Czechlowski ◽  
Karol Durczak ◽  
Tomasz Garbowski
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Gp Model

Biorefining and biorefineries are the future of industry and energy. It is still a long way to complete its implementation, but small biorefineries focused mainly on the production of fuels and energy are more and more frequent in rural areas and large areas located near big cities in which, in addition to fuels and energy, various organic substances of high market value are also produced. In order to optimize biogas production and to control methane fermentation processes, fast and accurate identification of carboxylic acid concentrations, including propionic acid as a precursor to acetic acid, is needed. In this study, a process quality control method was developed to evaluate the propionic acid content of an aqueous solution from the fermentation mass. The proposed methodology is based on near infrared spectroscopy with multivariate analysis and stochastic metamodeling with a denoising procedure based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The proposed methodology uses the Bayesian theory, which provides additional information on the magnitude of the correlation between state and control variables. The calibration model was, therefore, constructed by using Gaussian Processes (GP) to predict propionic acid content in the aqueous solution using an NIR-Vis spectrophotometer. The design of the calibration model was based on absorbance spectra and calculation data from selected wavelength ranges from 305 nm to 2210 nm. Measurement data were first denoised and truncated to build a fast and reliable metamodel for precise identification of the acid content of an aqueous solution at a concentration from 0 to 5.66%. The mean estimation error generated by the metamodel does not exceed 0.7%.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

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