In situ compatibilization of polystyrene and polyurethane blends by using poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) as reactive compatibilizer

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2514-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Navarro Cassu ◽  
Maria Isabel Felisberti
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
In Situ Compatibilization ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer

In situ compatibilization of polyamide 6/natural rubber blends with maleic anhydride

Polymer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 5929-5935 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Carone ◽  
U Kopcak ◽  
M.C Gonçalves ◽  
S.P Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
In Situ Compatibilization

scholarly journals Interface Strengthening of PS/aPA Polymer Blend Nanocomposites via In Situ Compatibilization: Enhancement of Electrical and Rheological Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4813
Author(s):  
Lilian Azubuike ◽  
Uttandaraman Sundararaj
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
In Situ Compatibilization ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Blend Nanocomposites

The process of strengthening interfaces in polymer blend nanocomposites (PBNs) has been studied extensively, however a corresponding significant enhancement in the electrical and rheological properties is not always achieved. In this work, we exploit the chemical reaction between polystyrene maleic anhydride and the amine group in nylon (polyamide) to achieve an in-situ compatibilization during melt processing. Herein, nanocomposites were made by systematically adding polystyrene maleic anhydride (PSMA) at different compositions (1–10 vol%) in a two-step mixing sequence to a Polystyrene (PS)/Polyamide (aPA) blend with constant composition ratio of 25:75 (PS + PSMA:aPA) and 1.5 vol% carbon nanotube (CNT) loading. The order of addition of the individual components was varied in two-step mixing procedure to investigate the effect of mixing order on morphology and consequently, on the final properties. The electrical and rheological properties of these multiphase nanocomposite materials were investigated. The optical microscope images show that for PS/aPA systems, CNTs preferred the matrix phase aPA, which is the thermodynamically favorable phase according to the wettability parameter calculated using Young’s equation. However, aPA’s great affinity for CNT adversely influenced the electrical properties of our blend. Adding PSMA to PS/aPA changed the structure of the droplet phase significantly. At 1.5 vol% CNT, a more regular and even distribution of the droplet domains was observed, and this produced a better framework to create more CNT networks in the matrix, resulting in a higher conductivity. For example, with only 1.5 vol% CNT in the PBN, at 3 vol% PSMA, the conductivity was 7.4 × 10−2 S/m, which was three and a half orders of magnitude higher than that seen for non-reactive PS/aPA/CNT PBN. The mechanism for the enhanced conductive network formation is delineated and the improved rheological properties due to the interfacial reaction is presented.

scholarly journals A method for pet mechanical properties enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Raffaella Aversa ◽  
Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽  
Antonio Apicella ◽  
Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Reactive Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shear Transfer ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer

A method for PET mechanical properties enhancement by reactive blending with HBA/HNA Liquid Crystalline Polymers for in situ highly fibrillar composites preparation is presented. LCP/PET blends were reactively extruded in presence of Pyromellitic Di-Anhydride (PMDA) and then characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermally Stimulated Currents and tensile mechanical properties. Moderate amounts of LCP in the PET (0.5 and 5%) and small amounts of thermo-active and reactive compatibilizer in the blend (0.3%) were found to significantly improve LCP melt dispersion, melts shear transfer and LCP fibril formation and adhesion. An unexpected improvement was probably due to the presence of two distinct phases’ supra-molecular structures involving PET-LCP and PMDA.

FUNCTIONALIZATION OF EPDM RUBBER TOWARD BETTER SILICA DISPERSION AND REINFORCEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh D. Bansod ◽  
Bharat P. Kapgate ◽  
Pradip K. Maji ◽  
Anasuya Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Chayan Das
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Epdm Rubber ◽  
In Situ Silica ◽  
Grafted Epdm ◽  
Composite Properties ◽  
Rubber Filler

ABSTRACT Functionalization of non-polar ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber by melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) and in situ incorporation of sol–gel derived silica in the MA grafted EPDM has been done to prepare EPDM/silica composites to use dual benefits of both the approaches, which results in adequate rubber–filler compatibility, good filler dispersion, and enhanced composite properties. Controlled growth of silica up to 25 parts per hundred rubber (phr) is carried out with the solution sol–gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica precursor. Mechanical and dynamical properties of the composites are found to improve consistently as silica content increases. Furthermore, treatment of maleic anhydride grafted EPDM by γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-APS) results in remarkable improvement in composite properties even at the same silica content. This is attributed to the generation of uniformly dispersed spherically shaped nanosilica throughout the rubber matrix as observed in a transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study. This contributes to enhanced crosslinking density and improved rubber–filler interaction. In fact, the reinforcement effect brought by in situ silica relative to unmodified in situ silica/EPDM composites is found to be much higher than that reported in recent work on EPDM/in situ silica composites even with higher silica loading. The mechanical, rheological, and dynamic mechanical behaviors of all the composites are evaluated and compared in detail.

scholarly journals Effects of Methylenediphenyl 4,4’-Diisocyanate and Maleic Anhydride as Coupling Agents on the Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate/Wood Flour Biocomposites by Reactive Extrusion

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Seo ◽  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Jaegyoung Gwon ◽  
Qinglin Wu ◽  
Birm-June Kim
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate

Polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/wood flour (WF) biocomposites were fabricated by in situ reactive extrusion with coupling agents. Methylenediphenyl 4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA) were used as coupling agents. To evaluate the effects of MDI and MA, various properties (i.e., interfacial adhesion, mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties) were investigated. PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites without coupling agents revealed poor interfacial adhesion leading to deteriorated properties. However, the incorporation of MDI and/or MA into biocomposites showed high performances by increasing interfacial adhesion. For instance, the incorporation of MDI resulted in improved tensile, flexural, and impact strengths and an increase in tensile and flexural modulus was observed by the incorporation of MA. Specially, remarkably improved thermal stability was found in the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with 1 phr MDI and 1 phr MA. Also, the addition of MDI or MA into biocomposites increased the glass transition temperature and crystallinity, respectively. For viscoelastic property, the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with 1 phr MDI and 1 phr MA achieved significant enhancement in storage modulus compared to biocomposites without coupling agents. Therefore, the most balanced performances were evident in the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with the hybrid incorporation of small quantities of MDI and MA.

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