Film-forming process from globular polytetrafluoroethylene latex particles

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Dürrschmidt ◽  
H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Forming Process ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Film Forming

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

New surface treatment techniques to minimize copper alloy leaching in drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Sugaya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Materials Used

This new surface treatment is simple and easy as well as low in cost. The processes can even be performed by hand. Pharmaceutical raw materials used for the surface treatment, such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid used in a mixed acid washing process and vegetable oil used in an organic film forming process, are easily obtained in many countries.

High PVC film-forming composite latex particles via miniemulsification, part 3: Optical properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 4526-4537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghurmallah H. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
E. David Sudol ◽  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Pvc Film

Pre‐Vulcanization of Large and Small Natural Rubber Latex Particles: Film‐Forming Behavior and Mechanical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 (9) ◽  
pp. 1900283
Author(s):  
Manus Sriring ◽  
Adun Nimpaiboon ◽  
Nattanee Dechnarong ◽  
Sirirat Kumarn ◽  
Yuji Higaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Film Forming

GRAPHITE EXPANDED AS A FILM-FORMING MATERIAL ON A STEEL SURFACE

Tribologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Aleksandra REWOLIŃSKA ◽  
Karolina PERZ ◽  
Grzegorz KINAL
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Graphite Film

The results of observational studies of the emerging graphite film on the steel surface are presented. The association – steel pin and graphite element – reciprocating motion was employed. The results show the possible mechanism of graphite film formation for the various stages of association work under various operating conditions. For a water-impregnated graphite element, the film forming process takes place faster than for a dry element.

A new mechanism of the physical film-forming process

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krzyzanowska ◽  
Z. Hippe
Keyword(s):  
Forming Process ◽  
Film Forming

Establishment of a Model of Growing Anodizing Film on AZ91D Mg Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Jian Gang Qian ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Yu Fen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Layer ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of film-forming process of anodizing on AZ91D Mg alloy have been studied through analyses of voltage-time and thickness–time curves. The surface morphology, structure, composition and valence of element, phase constituent of anodic films have been analyzed by SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD respectively. The results show that the film-forming process can be divided into four stages: I - formation of a dense layer; II - formation of a porous layer; III - fast growth of the porous layer; IV - slow growth of the porous layer. The growing process of the dense film is characterized by the rapidly formed intact and imperforate oxide film; there are few micro-cracks in partial film formed on α phase, on the contrary, intact film is formed on β phase; the forming of porous film is based on the particulate sparking product with micro-porous structure. There are two kinds of pores in the anodic film; the first one is circular or ellipse, while the second one is the irregular gaps. The dense layer is composed mainly of MgO and small amount of Al2O3, while the porous layer mainly consists of MgSiO3 and Mg3B2O6. We propose a possible model about growing anodizing film on AZ91D Mg alloy based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals FOOD BIODEGRADABLE FILM CONTAINING CHITOSAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Sergeyi Alekseyevich Skolkov ◽  
Marina Sergeevna Moiseenko ◽  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Kirichko ◽  
Marfuga Dyusembaevna Mukatova
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Minced Meat

The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of using chitosan with a molecular mass of 19 kDa to cover the surface of the food product with a bio-degradable film. Experimental samples of the biodegradable film had in their composition glycerol transglutaminase, food dye and chitosan substituting a portion of gelatin. Chitosan used in pilot samples is a derivative from chitin which was obtained by processing the shell-containing raw material (a waste from the cutting of cooked crayfish), according to the requirements of TU 9289-003-48203178-2001. In composition of chitosan sample the water content (%) was 9, minerals 0.2 and insolubles 0.3. Chitosan was used as 2% solution in 2% acetic acid solution. The prepared solution of the film-forming composition was spread on the prepared surface and cooled at ambient temperature with further drying followed by the film-forming process. The food biodegradable film produced using the mentioned above method of chitosan application was 0.09-0.10 mm thick. It has been stated that the use of transglutaminase in food biodegradable film production improves film quality characteristics necessary for packaging materials used in the food industry. When biodegradable films are used in the food industry, molded meat products (cutlets, meatballs, sausages) from minced meat of warm-blooded animals, fish, poultry and from combined fish minced meat are wetted with the prepared film-forming composition fixed with circulating air at 25-30°C during 10 minutes. The wetting process is repeated 3-4 times to form a food biodegradable film of the required thickness on the surface of the molded product. The film produced protects the product surface prolonging its storage life and can be eaten together with the product. The film has properties of bioactive substances due to the presence of chitosan and presents an alternative to modern hardly decomposable packing materials.

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