Effect of chemical interaction between surface oxidized carbon black and carboxylated nitrile rubber on dynamic properties

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanda Bandyopadhyay ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Oxidized Carbon

Chemical Interaction between Carbon Black and Elastomers — Crosslinking of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene by Carbon Black

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roychoudhury ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
J. A. Ayala ◽  
G. A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Thermometric Titration ◽  
Oxidized Carbon

Abstract Surface oxidation of a carbon black leads to an increased elastomer-filler bonding between the chlorosulfonated polyethylene and the carbon black. The increased interaction appears to be related to the increased concentration and reactivity of the oxygen containing sites in the oxidized carbon black, as deduced from the moisture adsorption and thermometric titration results. The bound rubber content is substantially higher for the oxidized carbon black. The reactive surface sites of the carbon black also promote the crosslinking of the elastomer at elevated temperatures.

Chemical Interaction between Surface Oxidized Carbon Black and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy K. Manna ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
M. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Enthalpy Of Reaction ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Oxidized Carbon ◽  
Swelling Studies

Abstract This study—based on Monsanto Rheometer measurements, determination of bound rubber, enthalpy of reaction, solvent swelling studies, and measurement of physical properties— revealed that the functional groups of intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black chemically interact with the epoxidized natural rubber. The extent of interaction is greater in the case of an oxidized grade of ISAF black than the nonoxidized grade. Infrared spectral studies show that the interaction between the rubber and carbon black leads to chemical bond formation. It is believed that the oxidized grade of carbon black forms ester-type as well as phenolic ether-type bonds, while the nonoxidized grade forms primarily the phenolic ether-type of linkages.

scholarly journals Molecule Dynamics Simulation of the Effect of Oxidative Aging on Properties of Nitrile Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Jinsong Yang ◽  
Weitao Lou
Keyword(s):  
Free Volume ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Fractional Free Volume ◽  
Oxidative Aging

The effects of oxidative aging on the static and dynamic properties of nitrile rubber at the molecular scale were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The aged nitrile rubber models were constructed by introducing hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups into rubber molecular chains to mimic oxidative aging. The static and dynamic properties of the unaged and aged nitrile rubber under different conditions were evaluated by mean square displacement, self-diffusion coefficients, hydrogen bond, fractional free volume, radial distribution function, cohesive energy density and solubility parameter. The results show that the elevated temperature intensified significantly the mobility of rubber molecular chains and fractional free volume, while the compressive strain displayed the opposite effect resulting in packing and rearrangement of rubber chains. The introduction of hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups enhanced the polarity, intermolecular interactions, the volume and rigidity of molecular chains, implying weaker mobility of molecular chains as compared to unaged models. The compressive strain and oxidative aging both decreased the fractional free volume, which inhibited gaseous and liquid diffusion into the rubber materials, and slowed down the oxidative aging rate. This study provides insights to better understand the effect of molecular changes due to oxidative aging on the structural and dynamic properties of rubber materials at the molecular level.

The Effect of Compositional and Testing Variations on the Dynamic Properties of Compounds Based on Styrene-Butadiene and Polybutadiene Elastomers

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Meyer ◽  
J. G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Black Level

Abstract Important factors of potential use for manipulating static and dynamic stiffness and the damping characteristics of compounds based on styrene-butadiene and polybutadiene elastomers and their blends have been outlined. Their characteristics have been compared with those of IIR and EPDM compounds. The effects of variations in composition are quantitatively defined to assist the compounder in combining these effects in a manner that will lead to a desired combination of properties. In addition to the expected increase in static spring rate and dynamic spring rate with carbon black level, the following responses to compositional variations were found important: 1. The complex dynamic spring rate is more sharply dependent upon carbon black level than the static spring rate. 2. The complex dynamic spring rate is essentially independent of the level of crosslinking while static spring rate increases. 3. Damping coefficient is directly proportional to the level of carbon black and inversely proportional to the level of crosslinking. 4. Styrene level in a polymer blend and plasticizer composition can be used to adjust loss modulus and storage modulus at a given temperature and also to modify the rate of change of these properties with temperature. 5. The strain dependency of storage modulus was found in one instance to vary with the elastomer composition. The IIR vulcanizate, when formulated to the same static modulus, exhibited a larger strain dependence than the SBR, BR, and EPDM composition.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Carbon Black as Catalyst for Crosslinking of Phenolic Resins

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Acocella ◽  
Aniello Vittore ◽  
Mario Maggio ◽  
Gaetano Guerra ◽  
Luca Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Oxidized Carbon

Influence of different graphite-based nanofillers on crosslinking reaction of resorcinol, as induced by hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, is studied. Curing reactions leading from low molecular mass compounds to crosslinked insoluble networks are studied by indirect methods based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Reported results show a catalytic activity of graphene oxide (eGO) on this reaction, comparable to that one already described in the literature for curing of benzoxazine. For instance, for an eGO content of 2 wt %, the exothermic crosslinking DSC peak (upon heating at 10 °C/min) shifted 6 °C. More relevantly, oxidized carbon black (oCB) is much more effective as catalyst of the considered curing reaction. In fact, for an oCB content of 2 wt %, the crosslinking DSC peak can be shifted more than 30 °C and a nearly complete crosslinking is already achieved by thermal treatment at 120 °C. The possible origin of the higher catalytic activity of oCB with respect to eGO is discussed.

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