The electron beam-induced cationic polymerization of epoxy resins

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Crivello ◽  
Mingxin Fan ◽  
Daoshen Bi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Epoxy Resins

Epoxy Resin Embedment

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
J. G. Adams ◽  
M. M. Campbell ◽  
H. Thomas ◽  
J. J. Ghldonl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Resin System ◽  
Excellent Quality

Since the introduction of epoxy resins as embedding material for electron microscopy, the list of new formulations and variations of widely accepted mixtures has grown rapidly. Described here is a resin system utilizing Maraglas 655, Dow D.E.R. 732, DDSA, and BDMA, which is a variation of the mixtures of Lockwood and Erlandson. In the development of the mixture, the Maraglas and the Dow resins were tested in 3 different volumetric proportions, 6:4, 7:3, and 8:2. Cutting qualities and characteristics of stability in the electron beam and image contrast were evaluated for these epoxy mixtures with anhydride (DDSA) to epoxy ratios of 0.4, 0.55, and 0.7. Each mixture was polymerized overnight at 60°C with 2% and 3% BDMA.Although the differences among the test resins were slight in terms of cutting ease, general tissue preservation, and stability in the beam, the 7:3 Maraglas to D.E.R. 732 ratio at an anhydride to epoxy ratio of 0.55 polymerized with 3% BDMA proved to be most consistent. The resulting plastic is relatively hard and somewhat brittle which necessitates trimming and facing the block slowly and cautiously to avoid chipping. Sections up to about 2 microns in thickness can be cut and stained with any of several light microscope stains and excellent quality light photomicrographs can be taken of such sections (Fig. 1).

Electron beam curing of acrylated epoxy resins for anisotropic conductive film application

2013 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae gyu Shin ◽  
Inhyuk Lee ◽  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Jinyoung Hwang ◽  
Hoeil Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Anisotropic Conductive Film ◽  
Conductive Film ◽  
Electron Beam Curing

Electron-beam initiated cationic polymerization

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-286
Author(s):  
James V. Crivello ◽  
Thomas C. Walton ◽  
Ranjit Malik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Cationic Polymerization

Gamma-rays initiated cationic polymerization of epoxy resins and their carbon nanotubes composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Przybytniak ◽  
Andrzej Nowicki ◽  
Krzysztof Mirkowski ◽  
Leszek Stobiński
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Epoxy Resins

Exothermic effect in the process of electron-beam curing of epoxy resins

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 2217-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo-Guang Zhang ◽  
Yu-Bin Li ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Feng-Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Exothermic Effect ◽  
Electron Beam Curing

scholarly journals Epoxy Resins in Electron Microscopy

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Finck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
United States ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Viscosity

A method of embedding biological specimens in araldite 502 (Ciba) has been developed for materials available in the United States. Araldite-embedded tissues are suitable for electron microscopy, but the cutting qualities of the resin necessitates more than routine attention during microtomy. The rather high viscosity of araldite 502 also seems to be an unnecessary handicap. The less viscous epoxy epon 812 (Shell) produces specimens with improved cutting qualities, and has several features—low shrinkage and absence of specimen damage during cure, minimal compression of sections, relative absence of electron beam-induced section damage, etc.—which recommends it as a routine embedding material. The hardness of the cured resin can be easily adjusted by several methods to suit the materials embedded in it. Several problems and advantages of working with sections of epoxy resins are also discussed.

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