Evaluation of alkylated diphenyl ether disulfonate surfactants in 60 : 40 styrene—butadiene emulsion copolymerization

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (78) ◽  
pp. 1549-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Vanderhoff ◽  
V. L. Dimonie ◽  
M. S. El-Aasser ◽  
L. A. Settlemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals Base Case Simulation of a Semi-Batch Emulsion Copolymerization Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Iwan Harsono ◽  
Herman Hindarso ◽  
Nani Indraswati
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

It has been long recognized that emulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process involving transport of monomers and other species and free radicals between aqueous phase and organic phases. Though there are a number of models available in the literature, most of them deal only with specific aspects in emulsion polymerization and are far from being general. To simulate this complicated process and to achieve an adequate level of understanding, a Polymer Plus' software from Aspen Technology, Inc. has been used. The objective of this work is to illustrate the principle use of Polymers Plus' and to simulate and analysis the free-radical seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene-butadiene process model in a semi-batch reactor. The base case simulation can be used to gain process understanding by analyzing how process variables and operating conditions during the course of a semi-batch reactor affect product quality.

Effect of alkyl substitution of dowfaxTM surfactants in styrene-butadiene emulsion copolymerization

1990 ◽  
Vol 35-36 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser ◽  
John W. Vanderhoff ◽  
Lois A. Settlemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Alkyl Substitution ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals Base case simulation of a semi-batch emulsion copolymerization process: application to styrene/ butadiene system

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
I Harsono ◽  
H Hindarso ◽  
N Indraswati
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

It has been long recognized that emulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process involving transport of monomers, free radicals, and other species between aqueous phase and organic phase. Though there are a number of models available in the literature, most of them deal only with specific aspects in emulsion polymerization and are far from being general. To simulate this complicated process and to achieve an adequate level of understanding, a Polymers Plus software from Aspen Technology. Inc. was used. The objective of this work is to illustrate the principle of use of Polymers Plus, simulate, and analyze the free-radical seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene­butadiene process model in a semi-batch reactor. The base case simulation can be used to gain process understanding by analyzing how process variables and operating conditions during the course of a semi-batch reactor affect the product quality.Keywords: Polymers Plus, Emulsion Copolymerization, Simulation, Semi Batch Reactor, Styrene/ butadiene AbstrakTelah diketahui sejak lama bahwa polimerisasi emulsi merupakan sebuah proses heterogen yang kompleks, yang meliputi perpindahan monomer, radikal bebas, dan senyawa lainnya dalam fasa air dan fasa organik. Walaupun dalam literatur terdapat berbagai model, sebagian besar hanya membahas tentang aspek-aspek khusus dalam polimerisasi emulsi yang belurn berlaku umum. Untuk melakukan simulasi serta meningkatkan pemahaman tentang proses yang kompleks ini, digunakan perangkat lunak Polymers Plus dari Aspen Technology, Inc. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ilustrasi tentang prinsip penggunaan Polymers Plus serta melakukan simulasi dan analisis tentang model untuk proses kopolimerisasi emulsi styrene-butadiene dengan free radical seeded dalam reaktor semi batch. Simulasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh pemahaman proses dengan menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel proses dan kondisi operasi dalam reaktor semi batch terhadap kualitas produk.Kata Kunci: Polymers Plus, Kopolimerisasi Emulsi, Simulasi, Reaktor Semi Batch, Stiren/ butadien

Batch and Semicontinuous Styrene–Butadiene Emulsion Copolymerization Reactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluisio Pinelli Filho ◽  
Odair Araujo ◽  
Reinaldo Giudici ◽  
Claudia Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

A conduction-cooled stage for high-resolution Cryo-SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1282-1283
Author(s):  
John G. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Particulate Suspensions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Convection Cooling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The goal is to examine with high resolution cryo-SEM aqueous particulate suspensions used in coatings for printable paper. A metal-coating chamber for cryo-preparation of such suspensions was described previously. Here, a new conduction-cooling system for the stage and cold-trap in an SEM specimen chamber is described. Its advantages and disadvantages are compared to a convection-cooling system made by Hexland (model CT1000A) and its mechanical stability is demonstrated by examining a sample of styrene-butadiene latex.In recent high resolution cryo-SEM, some stages are cooled by conduction, others by convection. In the latter, heat is convected from the specimen stage by cold nitrogen gas from a liquid-nitrogen cooled evaporative heat exchanger. The advantage is the fast cooling: the Hexland CT1000A cools the stage from ambient temperature to 88 K in about 20 min. However it consumes huge amounts of liquid-nitrogen and nitrogen gas: about 1 ℓ/h of liquid-nitrogen and 400 gm/h of nitrogen gas. Its liquid-nitrogen vessel must be re-filled at least every 40 min.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

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