The 3-dimensional phase diagram in quaternary systems of polymers and solvents

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 2755-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Quaternary Systems

scholarly journals Growth Condition Dependence Of Rheed Pattern From GaAs (111)B Surface

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yang ◽  
W. Li ◽  
A. P. Taylor ◽  
Q.-F. Xiao ◽  
L. J. Schowalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Rheed Pattern ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Rough Surface Morphology

ABSTRACTA 3-dimensional phase diagram is introduced to describe the dependence of the RHEED pattern from GaAs(111)B surface on growth conditions. The 2×2, transitional(1×1), and √19×,√19 surface reconstructions correspond to different zones in the phase diagram. A equation is given for the planes that separate these zones, which fit experimental data well. Homoepitaxial films on GaAs(111)B grown in the 2×2 region generally have bad crystal quality as determined by the ion channeling, and growth in the √19×√19 region generally yields rough surface morphology. At higher substrate temperatures (∼ 650 °C), featureless films with minimum ion channeling yields of less than 4% are achieved.

A Thermodynamic Approach to the Calculation of the C-Cr-Nb-Ni-W Phase Diagram

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Chevalier ◽  
J.N. Barbier ◽  
I. Ansara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Quaternary Systems ◽  
Methods Of Calculation

ABSTRACTThe phase boundaries of the C-Cr-Nb-Ni-W system are calculated from the available thermodynamic properties of the limiting binary systems. The methods of calculation and the models used in the description of the ternary and quaternary systems are presented as well as the influence of tungsten on the solubility of the M23C6 phase in the nickel rich alloys.

Application of 3-dimensional phase-diagram using FactSage in C3H8-SiCl4-H2System

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Woo Kim ◽  
Hyung-Tae Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ja Kim ◽  
Jong-Heun Lee ◽  
Kyoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
3 Dimensional

Solubility phenomena involving CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes concerning heavy metals

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewen Zeng ◽  
Wenlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Metal Sulfate ◽  
Quaternary Systems ◽  
Solubility Behavior ◽  
Crystal Type

Deposit of CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes involving heavy metals usually decreases production quality and harms the production process. To avoid its formation at false time and sites, a sound understanding of the solubility behavior of CaSO4 in the quaternary systems CaSO4 + H2SO4 + (heavy metal)SO4 + H2O over large ranges of temperature and concentration is a prerequisite. Up to now, although a large amount of solubility data has been reported in these systems, little information is available on the solubility of anhydrite, especially at salt concentrations near saturation points. In this paper, we introduce the effect of CaSO4 in hydrometallurgical processes involving heavy metals, review published solubility data of calcium sulfate and its hydrate in relevant systems, and report our newly determined solubility results involving anhydrite in the quaternary systems CaSO4 + H2SO4 + MSO4 + H2O (M = Cu,Zn,Mn) at 348.1 and 363.1 K. Based on the newly obtained data some application examples were given. On account of the complexity of the solubility phase diagram of these quaternary systems, where the calcium sulfate solubility is a function of its crystal type, temperature, compositions of sulfuric acid, and heavy metal sulfate, a complete solubility phase diagram is not available until some basic data measurement, for instance, water activity at temperatures higher than 298 K, and final modeling has been finished.

scholarly journals Phase Diagram and Upper Critical Field of Homogeneously Disordered Epitaxial 3-Dimensional NbN Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintu Mondal ◽  
Madhavi Chand ◽  
Anand Kamlapure ◽  
John Jesudasan ◽  
Vivas C. Bagwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Critical Field ◽  
Upper Critical Field ◽  
3 Dimensional

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Structural preservation and absolute contrast of catalase crystal sections prepared with tannic acid

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
C.W. Akey ◽  
M. Szalay ◽  
S.J. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Screw Axis ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Preservation

Three methods of obtaining 20 Å resolution in sectioned protein crystals have recently been described. They include tannic acid fixation, low temperature embedding and grid sectioning. To be useful for 3-dimensional reconstruction thin sections must possess suitable resolution, structural fidelity and a known contrast. Tannic acid fixation appears to satisfy the above criteria based on studies of crystals of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, orthorhombic beef liver catalase and beef heart F1-ATPase. In order to develop methods with general applicability, we have concentrated our efforts on a trigonal modification of catalase which routinely demonstrated a resolution of 40 Å. The catalase system is particularly useful since a comparison with the structure recently solved with x-rays will permit evaluation of the accuracy of 3-D reconstructions of sectioned crystals.Initially, we re-evaluated the packing of trigonal catalase crystals studied by Longley. Images of the (001) plane are of particular interest since they give a projection down the 31-screw axis in space group P3121. Images obtained by the method of Longley or by tannic acid fixation are negatively contrasted since control experiments with orthorhombic catalase plates yield negatively stained specimens with conditions used for the larger trigonal crystals.

Deviations from Ideal Decagonal Symmetry in Electron Diffraction Patterns of the “Decagonal” Phase in the Al-Co-Cu Alloy System

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
Atul S. Ramani ◽  
Earle R. Ryba ◽  
Paul R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Decagonal Phase ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lattice Periodicity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The “decagonal” phase in the Al-Co-Cu system of nominal composition Al65CO15Cu20 first discovered by He et al. is especially suitable as a topic of investigation since it has been claimed that it is thermodynamically stable and is reported to be periodic in the dimension perpendicular to the plane of quasiperiodic 10-fold symmetry. It can thus be expected that it is an important link between fully periodic and fully quasiperiodic phases. In the present paper, we report important findings of our transmission electron microscope (TEM) study that concern deviations from ideal decagonal symmetry of selected area diffraction patterns (SADPs) obtained from several “decagonal” phase crystals and also observation of a lattice of main reflections on the 10-fold and 2-fold SADPs that implies complete 3-dimensional lattice periodicity and the fundamentally incommensurate nature of the “decagonal” phase. We also present diffraction evidence for a new transition phase that can be classified as being one-dimensionally quasiperiodic if the lattice of main reflections is ignored.

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