Synthesis in inverse emulsion and properties of water-soluble associating polymers

The extraction of lipids from tissues during fixation and embedding for electron microscopy is widely recognized as a source of possible artifact, especially at the membrane level of cell organization. Lipid extraction is also a major disadvantage in electron microscope autoradiography of radioactive lipids, as in studies of the uptake of radioactive fatty acids by intestinal slices. Retention of lipids by fixation with osmium tetroxide is generally limited to glycolipids, phospholipids and highly unsaturated neutral lipids. Saturated neutral lipids and sterols tend to be easily extracted by organic dehydrating reagents prior to embedding. Retention of the more saturated lipids in embedded tissue might be achieved by developing new cross-linking reagents, by the use of highly water soluble embedding materials or by working at very low temperatures.

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Ferritin Labeled Antibody Staining of Thin Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100064013 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 420-421

Author(s):

J. D. McLean ◽

S. J. Singer

Keyword(s):

Biological Material ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Antibody Staining ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Ultrathin Sections

The successful application of ferritin labeled antibodies (F-A) to ultrathin sections of biological material has been hampered by two main difficulties. Firstly the normally used procedures for the preparation of material for thin sectioning often result in a loss of antigenicity. Secondly the polymers employed for embedding may non-specifically absorb the F-A. Our earlier use of cross-linked polyampholytes as embedding media partially overcame these problems. However the water-soluble monomers used for this method still extract many lipids from the material.

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The Effect of Benzene on Bluegill Olfactory Lamellae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011965x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

D.R. Mattie ◽

J.W. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Lepomis Macrochirus ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Jet Fuels ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Normal Surface ◽

Cacodylate Buffer

Jet fuels such as JP-4 can be introduced into the environment and come in contact with aquatic biota in several ways. Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated JP-4 toxicity to fish. Benzene is the major constituent of the water soluble fraction of JP-4. The normal surface morphology of bluegill olfactory lamellae was examined in conjunction with electrophysiology experiments. There was no information regarding the ultrastructural and physiological responses of the olfactory epithelium of bluegills to acute benzene exposure.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of benzene on the surface morphology of the nasal rosettes of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegills were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 7.7±0.2ppm (+S.E.M.) benzene for five, ten or fourteen days. Nasal rosettes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.25mM calcium chloride. Specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.

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