Influences of pretreatment, extraction variables, and post treatment on bench‐scale rice husk black ash (RHBA) processing to bio‐silica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soen Steven ◽  
Elvi Restiawaty ◽  
Pasymi Pasymi ◽  
Yazid Bindar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Black Ash

scholarly journals Post-treatment of landfill leachate using rice husk ash as adsorbent medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Josiane Pinheiro Farias ◽  
Larissa Loebens ◽  
Carolina Faccio Demarco ◽  
Tito Roberto Sant'Anna Cadaval Junior ◽  
Maurizio Silveira Quadro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rupture Time ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Apparent Color

Sanitary landfill is the most disposal method for urban solid waste. However, in the process of organic matter degradation, a dark-colored liquid with high potential for polluting is produced, necessitating an efficient treatment before its discharge into watercourses. Several technologies can be used in the treatment, such as biological and physico-chemical systems. The activated carbon produced from agricultural residues - rice husk ash (RHA), appears as an alternative treatment, mainly for color reduction in landfill leachate. This study determined the best operational condition for the slurry treatment using a fixed-bed column. The column was filled with activated RHA and support material (sand). The column heights studied were 5 cm (C1) and 20 cm (C2) of adsorbent. The column with 20 cm of RHA and sand intercalated with the coal layer showed better efficiency in removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), with COD removal efficiency of 88.91% and rupture time of 120 min. The removal of apparent color was 87.40% with the rupture time of 40 min and true color removal of 86.64% with rupture time of 50 min. Activated rice husk ash was shown to be promising for post-treatment of the leachate with substantial efficiency.

Water table response to harvesting and simulated emerald ash borer mortality in black ash wetlands in Minnesota, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Christian F. Lenhart ◽  
Kenneth N. Brooks ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Black Ash

Black ash wetlands are seriously threatened because of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). Wetland hydrology is likely to be modified following ash mortality, but the magnitude of hydrological impact following loss via EAB and alternative mitigation harvests is not clear. Our objective was to assess the water table response to simulated EAB and harvesting to determine if management actions will be needed to maintain ecosystem functions following EAB infestation. We applied four replicated treatments to 1.6 ha plots as follows: (1) control, (2) girdling of all black ash trees to simulate loss via EAB mortality, (3) group selection harvests (20% of stand in 0.04 ha gaps), and (4) clear-cut harvest. Water table (WT) elevations were monitored for 1 year pre-treatment and two years post-treatment. Clear-cutting delayed WT drawdown in both years of the study, and the WT was significantly higher than the control treatment, predominantly when WT depth was below 30 cm. The effect of the group selection treatment on WT response was muted compared to clear-cutting and also limited to periods when the WT depth was below 30 cm. These responses were attributed to establishment of shallow-rooted vegetation in cut areas, which would have limited influence on WT dynamics as depth increased. There was little effect of girdling on the WT in the first year post-treatment, but effects on the WT were very similar to clear-cutting in the second year and more pronounced when the WT was within 30 cm of the soil surface. These effects were attributed to reduced transpiration coupled with the presence of a partial canopy following girdling, which would have reduced vegetation establishment and evaporation compared to clear-cutting. Given the large influence of WT depth on vegetation dynamics and associated feedbacks to altered hydrology, these early results indicate a greater risk of ecosystem alteration following EAB mortality compared to clear-cut harvesting. Depending on local hydrologic regime, variation in precipitation patterns, and time for complete canopy loss, it may be necessary for managers to implement active mitigation strategies (e.g., group selection coupled with planting of alternative species) prior to EAB infestation to maintain ecosystem processes in these forested wetland systems.

scholarly journals Application of Biochar Derived from Different Types of Biomass and Treatment Methods as a Fuel Source for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lithnes Kalaivani Palniandy ◽  
Li Wan Yoon ◽  
Wai Yin Wong ◽  
Siek-Ting Yong ◽  
Ming Meng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
Direct Carbon Fuel Cell ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is an emerging technology for energy production. The application of biomass in DCFCs will be a major transition from the use of coal to generate energy. However, the relationship between biomass or biochar composition and the electrochemical performance of a DCFC is yet to be studied. The performance of a DCFC using fuel sources derived from woody and non-woody biomass were compared in this study. The effect of pyrolysis temperature ranges from 550 °C to 850 °C on the preparation of biochar from rubber wood (RW) and rice husk (RH) were evaluated for power generation from DCFCs. In addition, the effect of applying chemical pre-treatment and post-treatment on biochar were further investigated for DCFC performance. In general, the power density derived from rubber wood biochar is significantly higher (2.21 mW cm−2) compared to rice husk biochar (0.07 mW cm−2). This might be due to the presence of an oxygen functional group, higher fixed carbon content, and lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The acid and alkaline pre-treatment and post-treatment have altered the composition with a lower ash content in rubber wood biochar. The structural and compositional alterations in alkaline pre-treatment bring a positive effect in enhancing the power density from DCFCs. This study concludes that woody biochar is more suitable for DCFC application, and alkaline pre-treatment in the preparation of biochar enhances the electrochemical activity of DCFC. Further investigation on the optimization of DCFC operating conditions could be performed.

scholarly journals Generation of High Quality Biogenic Silica by Combustion of Rice Husk and Rice Straw Combined with Pre- and Post-Treatment Strategies—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji ◽  
Thomas Zeng ◽  
Ingo Hartmann ◽  
Dirk Enke ◽  
Thomas Schliermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Pre Treatment

Utilization of biomass either as a renewable energy source or for the generation of biogenic materials has received considerable interest during the past years. In the case of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) with high silica contents in the fuel ash, these approaches can be combined to produce high-grade biogenic silica with purities >98 wt % from combustion residues. The overall process can be considered nearly neutral in terms of CO2 emission and global warming, but it can also address disposal challenges of rice husk and rice straw. For the resulting biogenic silica, several advanced application opportunities exist, e.g., as adsorbents, catalysts, drug delivery systems, etc. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on rice husk and rice straw combustion as well as applied strategies for raw material pre-treatment and/or post-treatment of resulting ashes to obtain high quality biogenic silica. Purity of up to 97.2 wt % SiO2 can be reached by combustion of untreated material. With appropriate fuel pre-treatment and ash post-treatment, biogenic silica with purity up to 99.7 wt % can be achieved. Studies were performed almost exclusively at a laboratory scale.

Ultrastructure of bronchopulmonary lavage cells from bovines administered 3-methylindole: II. 24 hours post-treatment

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Amreek Singh ◽  
Judith M. McLaren ◽  
Onkar S. Atwal ◽  
Peter Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Cell Pellet

Introduction3-methylindole (MI), a rumen metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan, has been shown to produce bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema. The airways contain free and exfoliated cells. A morphologic analysis of these cells may complement the understanding of the mechanism of lung edema. Ultrastructure of the bronchopulmonary lavage (BL) cells 24 h following MI oral administration to calves is described in this experiment. The 12 hours post-treatment results were described earlier.Materials and MethodsTwo Holstein-Friesian calves were each administered an oral dose of 0.2 g MI/Kg body weight and another two calves served as controls. The animals were euthanized with sodium pentabarbitol 24 h after receiving the compound. The lungs and trachea were removed and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffered saline was infused into the lungs through the trachea. Glutaraldehyde fixative was added to the recovered BL fluid so as to form a 1% solution. The fluid was centrifuged and the resulting cell pellet was suspended in the buffer. The procedures were repeated on the suspension; the pellet was post-fixed in osmium tetroxide and was processed by conventional methods of section preparations for TEM examination. Lung samples from caudal lobes were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde to obtain tissue sections for TEM.Results and DiscussionPulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, ciliated epithelial cells, globule leukocytes and plasma cells were recovered from the BL fluid of the control and Mi-administered calves. Ciliated cells and globule leukocytes could not be harvested from the controls. The AM obtained from the treated calves (Fig. 1) in comparison with similar cells from the controls were larger, and contained large membrane-limited inclusions (phagolysosomes). There was a remarkable similarity between the lavaged AM and the AM studied in thin sections of lung (cf. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The neutrophil was the second most abundant cell type retrieved from the lavage fluid from the calves of control or treated group. Except for scanty pseudopodia in the neutrophils obtained from the Mi-receiving calves, the cells appeared unaltered (Fig. 3). Ciliated cells were abundant in the BL fluid of Mi-ingesting calves. A heterogeneous collection of vesicles filled the ciliated cell cytoplasm (Fig. 3). Globule leukocytes were commonly observed among BL cells of treated calves. The globule leukocytes were ca. 15 μm in diameter and contained round or elliptical nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasmic granules, which are a prominent feature of globule leukocytes, were electron-opaque and had a variable diameter (0.5-3.0 μm). A one-line account of globule leukocytes in the bronchi of steers administered MI has appeared. Plasma cells were rare. Ultrastructure of BL cells is compatible with their response to chemical insult by MI.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy for the Treatment of Hypernasality: A Single Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Graham Schenck ◽  
Jamie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Studies have investigated the applications of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy in the treatment of hypernasality due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD; Cahill et al., 2004; Kuehn, 1991; Kuehn, Moon, & Folkins, 1993; Kuehn et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CPAP therapy to reduce hypernasality in a female subject, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pharyngeal flap, who presented with signs of VPD including persistent hypernasality. Improvements in mean velopharyngeal orifice size, subjective perception of hypernasality, and overall intelligibility were observed from the baseline to 8-week post-treatment assessment intervals. Additional long-term assessments completed at 2, 3, and 4 months post-treatment indicated decreases in immediate post-treatment improvements. Results from the present study suggest that CPAP is a safe, non-invasive, and relatively conservative treatment method for reduction of hypernasality in selected patients with TBI. More stringent long-term follow up may indicate the need for repeated CPAP treatment to maintain results.

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