scholarly journals The Effect of Branched‐Chain Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on the Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Dunn ◽  
Victor T. Wyatt ◽  
Karen Wagner ◽  
Helen Ngo ◽  
Megan E. Hums
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Branched Chain

Reaction kinetics analysis of branched-chain alkyl esters of palmitic acid and cold flow properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Ni ◽  
Yuling Zhai ◽  
Fashe Li ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Kinetics Analysis ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Branched Chain

Formate Esters Containing Biodiesel - Diesel Mixed Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Anastasija Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Residue ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel (FAME) containing formate esters of glycerol and 93.0 wt.% fatty acid methyl esters, obtained in an interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification, and winter diesel fuel, were prepared, analyzed and compared with winter diesel fuel. The obtained results showed that blends comprising up to 20 vol.% of FAME fulfill the requirements of the standard LVS EN 590 concerning such characteristics as cold flow properties, viscosity, density, and carbon residue. The increase of FAME content worsens the cold flow properties; however, the mixed fuel with 20 vol.% or lower FAME content, according to the cloud point and cold filter plugging point values, remains in the same severe climate "Class 0" group as winter fuel. The carbon residue of mixed fuels raises with increasing FAME content, but stay low and do not exceed the limits of standard for mixtures with FAME percentage up to 20 vol.%. The comparison of mixed fuels containing 20 vol.% of FAME and the same amount of neat biodiesel (99.6 wt.% of fatty acid methyl esters) shows that the difference is negligible. The obtained results have indicated a good potential of FAME obtained in the interesterification reaction with methyl formate without further purification as a diesel fuel additive for up to 20 vol.%.

Study on Cold Flow Properties of Waste Cooking Methyl Ester

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 635-640
Author(s):  
Guang Wu ◽  
Jia Hui Shong ◽  
Shen Tao Xu ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Flow Improver

The chemical compositions of waste cooking methyl ester (WCME) were analyzed by GC-MS, and the cold flow properties of WCME were studied by cold filer plugging point tester and viscosity tester. Through blending with petrodiesel and adding cold flow improver (CFI), the cold flow properties of WCME were improved efficiently. The study shows that WCME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME), and contents of SFAME and UFAME were 27.63 and 71.81 w%, respectively. The cold filer plugging point (CFPP) of WCME was 0 °C, and the viscosity of it was 4.41 mm2·s-1 at 40 °C. Blending with 0 petrodiesel (0PD) and-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP of WCME to-4 °C and-13 °C, respectively. Meanwhile with WCME blending ratio increasing the viscosities of blending oils increased at the same temperature, and the viscosities increased gradually when the temperature decreased. Treating with CFI could significantly reduce the CFPP of blending oils which were composed of WCME and petrodiesel. The viscosities of blending oils with adding CFI were slightly higher than those with out CFI.

Estimation of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel from Fatty Acid Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1442-1448
Author(s):  
Karla Aida Gomez-Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Carlos Chavarria-Hernandez ◽  
Gustavo Ernesto Martinez-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

Enhancing Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel Derived from Cottonseed Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Chen ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Ling Ling Cai ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Ya Li Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical compositions of cottonseed oil biodiesel (CSME) are analyzed by using the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of CSME is studied by cold filer plugging point (CFPP) tester and crystallization mechanism of biodiesel, three approaches for enhancing cold flow properties of CSME are put forward: crystallization fractionation; blending with winter petrodiesel; and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A significant correlation model is proposed for predicting CFPP by CSME blending ratio. The study shows that the CSME is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFSMEs): C14:0~C24:0 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs): C16:1~C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME is 32.12 and 66.19%, respectively. The CFPP of CSME is 6 °C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with-10PD decrease the CFPP of CSME to-1 °C and-12 °C, respectively. Adding Flow Fit, Flow Fit K and T818 additives 1.5 v% decreases the CFPP of CME and CME/-10PD to 0 and-26 °C, respectively. This study has effectively enhanced cold flow properties of CSME and provides technical support for using CSME.

Crystallization Status of Palm Oil Biodiesel under Low Temperature Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Ling Ling Cai ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xing Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Lamellar Crystal ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The composition of palm methyl ester (PME) was determined and quantified by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Cold flow properties of PME was studied by means of cold filter plugging point tester and kinematic viscosity tester and the solution crystallization theory, at the same time to observe the crystalline mechanism with low temperature phase contrast microscope. Experimental results showed that PME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME), PME has a poor cold flow properties because of its more SFAME content. Observation results of the microscope showed that, the crystallization of PME at a steady cooling rate was lamellar crystal for rules. With the reduction of temperature, lamellar crystal increased gradually, and aggregated together. The higher the cooling rate was, the smaller the lamellar crystal and the irregular shape was.

Mechanism of Flow Properties for Biodiesel Blends at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Yong Cui ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical composition of biodiesel was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cold filter plugging point of biodiesel was measured according to GB/T 20828-2007. The cold flow properties of biodiesel were investigated on the basis of the crystallization theory, including chemical composition and molecular structure. Biodiesel might be considered a pseudobinary mixture, namely, high-melting-point saturated fatty acid methyl esters and low–melting-point unsaturated ones. Bilayer crystal structure of biodiesel was founded. Bilayer structure with headgroups aligned next to each other inside the crystal and away from nonpolar bulk liquid was large platelet lamellae. The results showed that biodiesel was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (C14:0～C24:0 ) and unsaturated ones(C16:1～C22:1、C18:2 and C18:3 ). The cold flow properties for biodiesel were determined mainly by the amount and molecular structure of saturated fatty acid methyl esters. The long-straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl esters tend to have relatively poor cold flow properties. The cold flow properties worsen with increasing the amount and carbon chain length of straight-chain saturated fatty acid methyl esters. The ways of adjusting biodiesel composition and treating with depression of cold filter plugging point were given; they could improve cold flow properties.

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