Free Fatty-Acid Generation and Lipid Oxidation during Dry-Grind Corn Ethanol Fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Brothers ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Dry Grind Corn Ethanol

Dose-dependent effect of insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E736-E750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
K. Zych ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methodology for measuring plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover/oxidation with [1–14C]palmitate was tested in normal subjects. In study 1, two different approaches (720-min tracer infusion without prime vs. 150-min infusion with NaH14CO3 prime) to achieve steady-state conditions of 14CO2 yielded equivalent rates of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation. In study 2, during staircase NaH14CO3 infusion, calculated rates of 14CO2 appearance agreed closely with NaH14CO3 infusion rates. In study 3, 300-min euglycemic insulin clamp documented that full biological effect of insulin on plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was established within 60–120 min. In study 4, plasma insulin concentration was raised to 14 +/- 2, 23 +/- 2, 38 +/- 2, 72 +/- 5, and 215 +/- 10 microU/ml. A dose-dependent insulin suppression of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was observed. Plasma FFA concentration correlated positively with plasma FFA turnover/oxidation in basal and insulinized states. Total lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) was significantly higher than plasma FFA oxidation in the basal state, suggesting that intracellular lipid stores contributed to whole body lipid oxidation. Hepatic glucose production and total glucose disposal showed the expected dose-dependent suppression and stimulation, respectively, by insulin. In conclusion, insulin regulation of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation is maximally manifest at low physiological plasma insulin concentrations, and in the basal state a significant contribution to whole body lipid oxidation originates from lipid pool(s) that are different from plasma FFA.

Metabolic response of skeletal muscle to ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. H213-H220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Harris ◽  
P. M. Walker ◽  
D. A. Mickle ◽  
R. Harding ◽  
R. Gatley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products

To evaluate the temporal relationship and potential correlation between intramuscular phosphagen levels, lipid oxidation, and extent of muscle injury, a canine gracilis muscle model was used to study the consequences of a global ischemic episode for up to 7 h duration with reperfusion for 4 h. In this model the contralateral gracilis muscle was prepared identically to the test side but was not subjected to ischemia and thus served as a control. Blood flow, oxygen consumption, and lactate and glycerol release were measured before and after 2- and 7-h ischemic stress periods. The intramuscular metabolites, glycogen, lactate, phosphocreatine, and ATP, as well as free fatty acid conjugated dienes, were measured before, during, and after the ischemic insult. A 2-h ischemic insult resulted in minimal ultrastructural damage and complete regeneration of intramuscular phosphagens and glycogen on reperfusion with complete normalization of lipid oxidation products. In contrast, a 7-h ischemic insult resulted in profound injury at the ultrastructural level with an inability to restore intramuscular phosphagens and glycogen on reperfusion. This severe muscle injury correlated with a 2.5-fold increase in lipid oxidation products (free fatty acid conjugated dienes) and a decline in ATP levels below 5 mumol/g dry wt on reperfusion. Our results emphasize the prolonged glycolytic activity of skeletal muscle during global ischemia and document the increased production of oxygen free radical-mediated lipid oxidation products in irreversibly injured muscle.

scholarly journals Phytate extraction from coproducts of the dry-grind corn ethanol process

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 5466-5472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyang He ◽  
Cristiano E. Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Dry Grind Corn Ethanol

Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGSs), the major coproduct of dry-grind ethanol production, are being increasingly used in the global market as animal feeds for both energy and protein supplement.

Model for Mechanical Fractionation of Field Peas to Supplement a Dry-grind Corn Ethanol Plant

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Wilhelmi ◽  
Dennis P Wiesenborn ◽  
Cole R Gustafson ◽  
Scott W Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Ethanol Plant ◽  
Dry Grind Corn Ethanol

Free fatty acid formation and lipid oxidation on milled rice

2001 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Lam ◽  
Andrew Proctor ◽  
Jean-François Meullenet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Milled Rice

scholarly journals Role of free fatty acids and insulin in determining free fatty acid and lipid oxidation in man.

1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Groop ◽  
R C Bonadonna ◽  
M Shank ◽  
A S Petrides ◽  
R A DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Free Fatty Acids

Free fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human aging: evidence for operation of the Randle cycle

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. E501-E509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We assessed insulin effects on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose metabolism in seven elderly (71 +/- 2 yr) and in seven younger (21 +/- 1 yr) subjects matched for body weight and body mass index but not for percent body fat (32.4 +/- 3.8% in elderly vs. 20.4 +/- 3.5% in young, P < 0.05), by performing sequential euglycemic clamps at five insulin doses (0.6, 1.5, 3, 6, and 15 pmol.min-1.kg-1) in combination with indirect calorimetry and [1-14C]palmitate plus [3-3H]glucose infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were all increased in the elderly (897 +/- 107 vs. 412 +/- 50 mumol/l and 11.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.14 +/- 0.86, 3.45 +/- 0.65 vs. 1.37 +/- 0.25, and 4.63 +/- 0.72 vs. 3.01 +/- 0.33 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05 for all comparisons), whereas glucose turnover was similar as a result of decreased glucose oxidation (8.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 13 +/- 1.9 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05) and increased glucose storage (6.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.3 mmol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05). At all insulin infusions, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were higher in the elderly than in the younger group (P < 0.05). However, if normalized per fat mass, all FFA and lipid metabolic fluxes, both in the postabsorptive state and during hyperinsulinemia, were comparable in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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