The chemical form and acute toxicity of arsenic compounds in marine organisms

Toshikazu Kaise; Shozo Fukui

doi:10.1002/aoc.590060208

The chemical form and acute toxicity of arsenic compounds in marine organisms

Applied Organometallic Chemistry ◽

10.1002/aoc.590060208 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Toshikazu Kaise ◽

Shozo Fukui

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Chemical Form ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Arsenic Compounds

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Challenges in assessing the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to marine organisms: A case study on the acute toxicity of pyrene to the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.059 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 86 (9) ◽

pp. 926-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Joana R. Almeida ◽

Carlos Gravato ◽

Lúcia Guilhermino

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

European Seabass ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Acute Toxicity of Saline Produced Waters to Marine Organisms

10.2118/35845-ms ◽

1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.A. Pillard ◽

J.M. Evans ◽

D.L. DuFresne

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Produced Waters

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Arsenic species in Australian temperate marine food chains

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf08256 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 885 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

W. Maher ◽

S. Foster ◽

F. Krikowa

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathway ◽

Arsenic Species ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Food Chains ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Two Stage ◽

Stage Conversion ◽

Biochemical Pathways ◽

Marine Food

Although over 50 arsenic species have been identified in marine organisms, the biochemical pathways by which these species are formed are not known. In this paper, we present an overview of bioconversions of arsenic species that occur in marine food chains based on studies conducted by our laboratory as well as the work of others. Phytoplankton and macroalgae only contain dimethylarsenoribosides or simple methylated arsenic compounds such as dimethylarsenate and dimethylarsenoethanol. Marine animals contain mostly arsenobetaine and a range of other arsenic species that may be precursors of arsenobetaine formation. The formation of arsenobetaine in marine animals from dimethylarsenoribosides may occur through a two-stage conversion pathway: arsenoriboside or trimethylarsonioriboside degradation to arsenocholine followed by quantitative oxidation to arsenobetaine. The minor arsenic species found in marine organisms are sulfur analogues of compounds found in the S-adenosylmethionine-methionine salvage and the dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolic pathway of animals. A key intermediate in these pathways would be arsenomethionine, which could possibly be formed from dimethylarsinite, dimethylarsenoribosides or an arsenic-containing analogue of S-adenosylmethionine. Examining arsenic species in whole ecosystems has the advantage of using the pattern of arsenic species found to postulate the biochemical pathways of their formation.

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Arsenic species in seafood: Origin and human health implications

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac-con-09-07-01 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 373-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

Kevin A. Francesconi

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Arsenic Species ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Current Status ◽

Human Toxicology ◽

Important Food ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Inorganic Species ◽

Organoarsenic Compound ◽

High Concentrations

The presence of arsenic in marine samples was first reported over 100 years ago, and shortly thereafter it was shown that common seafood such as fish, crustaceans, and molluscs contained arsenic at exceedingly high concentrations. It was noted at the time that this seafood arsenic was probably present as an organically bound species because the concentrations were so high that if the arsenic had been present as an inorganic species it would certainly have been toxic to the humans consuming seafood. Investigations in the late 1970s identified the major form of seafood arsenic as arsenobetaine [(CH3)3As+CH2COO–], a harmless organoarsenic compound which, following ingestion by humans, is rapidly excreted in the urine. Since that work, however, over 50 additional arsenic species have been identified in marine organisms, including many important food products. For most of these arsenic compounds, the human toxicology remains unknown. The current status of arsenic in seafood will be discussed in terms of the possible origin of these compounds and the implications of their presence in our foods.

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