scholarly journals Electron Solvation and the Unique Liquid Structure of a Mixed‐Amine Expanded Metal: The Saturated Li–NH 3 –MeNH 2 System

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Seel ◽  
Helen Swan ◽  
Daniel T. Bowron ◽  
Jonathan C. Wasse ◽  
Thomas Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Electron Solvation ◽  
Expanded Metal

scholarly journals Electron Solvation and the Unique Liquid Structure of a Mixed-Amine Expanded Metal: The Saturated Li-NH3 -MeNH2 System

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Seel ◽  
Helen Swan ◽  
Daniel T. Bowron ◽  
Jonathan C. Wasse ◽  
Thomas Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Electron Solvation ◽  
Expanded Metal

Picosecond molecular relaxations: the role of the fluid in electron solvation

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2009-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kenney-Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Polar Fluid ◽  
Electron Solvation ◽  
Orientational Polarization ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Electron Migration

The role of the fluid is considered for a model of electron solvation in liquid alcohols. The events that lead to trapping and solvation of excess electrons are reconstructed from experimental data on the time and frequency-dependent electron absorptions (kmol) and the appropriate molecular rotational relaxations (τ2, τc), local liquid structure, viscosity (η), and orientational polarization (β) of the supporting fluid. The quasifree electron is captured at subpicosecond times in a preexisting trap in the liquid, which in alcohols is identified as an alcohol cluster whose local configurational fluctuations will be frozen in on this timescale. Rapid configurational relaxation of the cluster molecules, including multi-phonon processes, then occurs in the field of the excess electron at times ≤10−12 s. Finally, the molecules in the fluid layer adjacent to the initial trapping site align in the now screened field of the localized electron in a manner comparable to solvation of an ion embedded in a polar fluid. The relaxation may occur in competition with electron migration and reaction. The observed rate constant of the final step kmol is shown to be proportional to βη−1 for a range of alcohols at room temperature. The implications of this model for photobleaching experiments in liquids are briefly discussed.

An experimental study of gas phase back mixing under the counter-current gas-liquid flow on a vertical expanded metal sheet packing by static tracer technique

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Jan Červenka ◽  
Mirko Endršt ◽  
Václav Kolář
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Expanded Metal ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Back Mixing

Gas phase back mixing has been measured in a column packed with vertical expanded metal sheet under the counter-current flow of gas and liquid by the static method using a tracer. The observed experimental concentration profiles has not confirmed our earlier proposed model of back mixing, based on the concentration profiles in absorption runs. These profiles do not even conform with the axially dispersed plug flow model currently used to describe axial mixing in packed bed columns. The concentration profiles may be described by a combination of the axially dispersed plug flow model with back flow.

scholarly journals Impact of Baffle on Liquid Structure Connection in Fuel Tank Sloshing

2020 ◽  
Vol 995 ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
D Rohini ◽  
R Abinaya ◽  
D Lokesharun ◽  
K Karthik ◽  
V Sovishnuchringth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Tank Sloshing

scholarly journals Nucleation of SiO$$_{2}$$-CaO-Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$ Slag in Oxidative Ladle Refining of Metallurgical Grade Silicon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend L. Bjørnstad ◽  
Gabriella Tranell
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Molten Slag ◽  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Metallurgical Grade Silicon ◽  
Ladle Refining ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
Process Behavior ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Grade Silicon

AbstractOxidative ladle refining (OLR) is the most used refining method in industrial production of metallurgical grade silicon. OLR is performed by purging the liquid alloy with oxygen-enhanced air at 1823 K to 1873 K, reacting with silicon and the primary slag forming impurities to a SiO$$_{2}$$ 2 -CaO-Al$$_{2}$$ 2 O$$_{3}$$ 3 slag. To further increase our capability to control this process, it is paramount to understand how the slag nucleates and forms, and represent it such that it is useful for predicting and controlling the process behavior. This work aims to formulate a comprehensive theoretical description of slag nucleation and formation at nano/microscale using classical macroscale thermodynamics, bridging these spatial regimes. To achieve this, the work argues that silica’s liquid structure allows its nuclei to exhibit “well defined” surfaces. Furthermore, silica is predicted to be highly surface active, so if its concentration is high while the slag nucleus is small, the SiO$$_{2}$$ 2 -CaO-Al$$_{2}$$ 2 O$$_{3}$$ 3 slag should retain silica’s surface properties. An experiment confirmed the surface active nature of silica in the SiO$$_{2}$$ 2 -CaO-Al$$_{2}$$ 2 O$$_{3}$$ 3 system. It was also shown that increasing the slag’s calcia concentration has a greater effect on the interfacial tension between the molten slag and liquid alloy than alumina, confirming industrial observations of the coupling between refining rate and relative alloy/slag composition.

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