Total Synthesis of Human Hepcidin through Regioselective Disulfide-Bond Formation by using the Safety-Catch Cysteine Protecting Group 4,4′-Dimethylsulfinylbenzhydryl

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 2975-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Dekan ◽  
Mehdi Mobli ◽  
Michael W. Pennington ◽  
Eileen Fung ◽  
Elizabeta Nemeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation ◽  
Protecting Group

2-Nitroveratryl as a Photocleavable Thiol-Protecting Group for Directed Disulfide Bond Formation in the Chemical Synthesis of Insulin

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (31) ◽  
pp. 9549-9552 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Karas ◽  
Denis B. Scanlon ◽  
Briony E. Forbes ◽  
Irina Vetter ◽  
Richard J. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation ◽  
Protecting Group

scholarly journals Oxygen-independent disulfide bond formation in VEGF-A and CA9

2021 ◽  
pp. 100505
Author(s):  
Fiana Levitin ◽  
Sandy Che-Eun Serena Lee ◽  
Stephanie Hulme ◽  
Ryan A. Rumantir ◽  
Amy S. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation

scholarly journals The Sex Differences in Uveal Melanoma: Potential Roles of EIF1AX, Immune Response and Redox Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2801-2811
Author(s):  
Feng Liu-Smith ◽  
Chi-Yang Chiu ◽  
Daniel L. Johnson ◽  
Phillip Winston Miller ◽  
Evan S. Glazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Differential Gene

Background: Uveal melanoma (UVM) is a rare cancer that shows sex difference in incidence and survival, with little previous report for the underlying mechanism. Methods: This study used the SEER data (1974–2016) for an age-dependent analysis on sex difference in UVM, and further used the TCGA-UVM genomics dataset for analyzing the differential gene expression profiles in tumors from men and women. Results: Our results demonstrate a sex difference in older age (≥40 years) but not in younger patients, with men exhibiting a higher incidence rate than women. However, younger women have shown a continuous increasing trend since 1974. Examining the 11 major oncogenes and tumor suppressors in UVM revealed that EIF1AX showed a significant sex difference in mRNA accumulation and copy number variation, with female tumors expressing higher levels of EIF1AX and exhibiting more variations in copy numbers. EIF1AX mRNA levels were significantly inversely correlated with EIF1AX copy numbers in female tumors only, but not in male tumors. Differential gene expression analysis at the whole genomic level identified a set of 92 protein-coding and 16 RNA-coding genes which exhibited differential expression in men and women (fold of change cutoff at 1.7, adjusted p value < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). Network analysis showed significant difference in immune response and in disulfide bond formation, with EGR1/EGR2 and PDIA2 genes as regulators for immune response and disulfide bond formation, respectively. The melanocortin pathway which is linked to both melanin synthesis and obesity seems to be altered with unclear significance, as the sex difference in POMC, DCT/TYRP2, and MRAP2 was observed but with no clear direction. Conclusion: This study reveals possible mechanisms for the sex difference in tumorigenesis of UVM which has potentials for better understanding and prevention of UVM.

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