scholarly journals The search for electron rings inside atoms led to the Debye-Scherrer method

2016 ◽  
Vol 528 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 761-764
Author(s):  
Peter Kasten
Keyword(s):  
Scherrer Method

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Structural and Electrical Properties of CuMn2O4 Spinel Compound

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rasha Yousef ◽  
Alaa Nassif ◽  
Abla Al-Zoubi ◽  
Nasser Al-Din
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Prepared Compound ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Experimental Density ◽  
Scherrer Method

CuMn2O4 was synthesized by the solid-state method. MnO2 and CuO were used as precursors. The optimum temperature of synthesis was 850°C. XRD results showed that the prepared compound had a cubic structure with Fd3 ̅m space group. The lattice constant and unit cell volume were a=8.359Å and V=584.14A°3 respectively. The grain size was calculated by the Debye-Scherrer method and was 33.49 nm for CuMn2O4 annealed at 850°C. The experimental density was calculated and compared to the theoretical density. The results were ρt= 5.399 gr/cm3 and ρE = 5.24 gr/cm3. The electrical properties of the compound showed that it behaves like a semiconductor, and the activation energy of the compound was 0.1535 eV. KEYWORDS Activation energy, copper manganite (CuMO), mixed oxide, solid-state reaction, spinel

Synthesis of Fe2O3/C Nanocomposite Using Microwave Assisted Calcination Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Puspita Swardhani ◽  
Ferry Iskandar ◽  
Abdullah Mikrajuddin ◽  
Khairurrijal
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Calcination Method ◽  
Scherrer Method

Fe2O3/C nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using microwave assisted calcination method. Ferric (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl36H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and dextrose monohydrate (C6H12O6H2O) were used as precursors. A microwave oven of 2.445 GHz with a power of 600 W for 20 minutes was employed during the syntheses. Calcination was performed in a simple furnace at 350 °C for 30 min. The molar ratio of C:Fe is the only process parameter. From Scanning Electron Microscope images, the average particle size were 199 nm and 74 nm for the samples with molar ratio of C:Fe of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. X-ray diffractometer spectra showed that the obtained samples have γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) crystal structure. Using the Scherrer method, the crystallite size were 61.7, 58.8, 52.5, and 48.8 nm for the samples with the molar ratios of C:Fe of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1, respectively. It means that the crystallite size of the nanocomposite decreases with the increase of the molar ratio of carbon to iron (C:Fe). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller characterization showed that the surface area as high as 255.6 m2/g is achieved by of the Fe2O3/C nanocomposite with the molar ratio of C:Fe of 1:1.

Hydrazine-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of Co9S8 from a homogeneous solution

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4418-4420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Zhan ◽  
X. G. Yang ◽  
Y. Xie ◽  
D. W. Wang ◽  
Y. T. Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Hydrazine Solution ◽  
Scherrer Method

Single-phase nanocrystalline Co9S8 was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of Co(Ac)2 and NH2CSNH2 in hydrazine solution at 170 °C. The products were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and wet chemical analysis. XRD indicated the product was the cubic Co9S8 phase. The relative crystallite size was 6.3 nm as determined by the Scherrer method. TEM images showed the particles were agglomerative. The electron diffraction pattern also revealed their nanocrystalline nature. In this hydrothermal formation process of Co9S8, hydrazine was a critical factor. The formation process is discussed.

Breakage Mechanism of Al2O3 Layer on Nano Al Powder by Magnetic Pulsed Dynamic Compaction

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
Geun Hee Lee ◽  
Chang Kyu Rhee ◽  
Wheung Whoe Kim ◽  
Victor Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Breakage Mechanism ◽  
Scherrer Method

Magnetic Pulse Compaction (MPC), as a dynamic compaction, can be possible to reach higher relative density of nano metallic compacts owing to sufficiently high pressure and adiabatic heating in very short duration of an order of µsec. The present work is concerned with the magnetic pulsed compaction of the nano-sized aluminum powders, which particle size was a range of 50 ~ 100 nm passivated in air. The compaction pressure was 1.5 GPa for 300 µsec in the temperature range from 20°C to 500°C. The grain size of compacts was maintained less than 50 nm, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Scherrer method. From the calculation of adiabatic heat and of pressure induced by thermal expansion, and the observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was found that Al2O3 could be broken and dispersed with a few nano-meter sizes in the Al matrix and that the ultra fine and uniform bulk structure was maintained up to 400°C of compaction temperature.e

Synthesis and Characterization of Al2O3 Nanoparticles and Water-Al2O3 Nanofluids for Nuclear Reactor Coolant

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Gustaman Syarief ◽  
Djoko Hadi Prajitno
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Gamma Alumina ◽  
Nuclear Coolant ◽  
Scherrer Method

A study on synthesis and characterization of Al2O3nanoparticles for water-Al2O3nanofluids as an alternative nuclear coolant has been done. The Al2O3nanoparticles were synthesized from AlCl3using sol gel method utilizing sugar as chelating agent. The Al2O3nanoparticles were mixed with water to produce nanofluids. XRD data showed that the Al2O3nanoparticles crystallize in gamma alumina with crystallite size of 5.5 nm (Debye Scherrer method). Surface area of the Al2O3nanoparticles was 90 m2/gram. Data of TEM showed that the particle size was smaller than 10 nm and the nanoparticle formed agglomerate with size of 60-100 nm. According to zeta potential data, the nanofluids were stable at pH 2.6-7.5 with zeta potential of 28-51 mV. The height of the nanofluid surface decreased about 20 % after 6 days. The thermal conductivity of the water-Al2O3nanofluids produced in this study increased about 2.4-9.7 % compared to that of water.

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