scholarly journals The TO strains of Theiler's viruses cause ?slow virus?like? infections in mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Lipton ◽  
Mauro C. Dal Canto
Keyword(s):  
Slow Virus ◽  
Theiler's Viruses

scholarly journals Slow Virus Infections

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
W. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infections ◽  
Slow Virus

From slow virus to prion

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
J.W. Ironside ◽  
J.E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Slow Virus

scholarly journals UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, October 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Slow Virus ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Impact

International travel plunges 70% in the first eight months of 2020 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) declined 70% in the first eight months of 2020 over the same period of last year, amid global travel restrictions including many borders fully closed, to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. International arrivals plunged 81% in July and 79% in August, traditionally the two busiest months of the year and the peak of the Northern Hemisphere summer season. Despite such large declines, this represents a relative improvement over the 90% or greater decreases of the previous months, as some destinations started to reopen to international tourism, mostly in the European Union. The decline in January-August 2020 represents 700 million fewer international tourist arrivals compared to the same period in 2019, and translates into a loss of US$ 730 billion in export revenues from international tourism, more than 8 times the loss in 2009 under the impact of the global economic crisis. Asia and the Pacific, the first region to suffer the impact of the pandemic, saw a 79% decrease in arrivals in January-August 2020. Africa and the Middle East both recorded a 69% drop this eight-month period, while Europe saw a 68% decline and the Americas 65%. Data on international tourism expenditure continues to reflect very weak demand for outbound travel, though in several large markets such as the United States, Germany and Italy there is a small uptick in spending in the months of July and August. Based on latest trends, a 75% decrease in international arrivals is estimated for the month of September and a drop of close to 70% for the whole of 2020. While demand for international travel remains subdued, domestic tourism is strengthening recovery in several large markets such as China and Russia. The UNWTO Confidence Index continues at record lows. Most UNWTO Panel Experts expect a rebound in international tourism by the third quarter of 2021 and a return to pre-pandemic 2019 levels not before 2023. Experts consider travel restrictions as the main barrier weighing on the recovery of international tourism, along with slow virus containment and low consumer confidence.

CMV AND INFANTILE SPASMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
R. Riikonen
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Slow Virus ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Slow Virus Infection

At the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, 205 children with infantile spasms who were born between 1960 and 1976 were studied in a search for the factors responsible. In 11 children (5%) the infantile spasms were possibly associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The number may actually have been considerably higher, as no systematic search was made for CMV, especially in the early years. In four of the 11 children, the infection was probably congenital, and was the most likely cause of the spasms. One of the remaining seven children had congenital toxoplasmosis and the simultaneous CMV infection was probably also congenital. The children with congenital CMV infection exhibited severe clinical symptoms in the neonatal period or in early infancy. Two frequent symptoms were persistent tremor and meningoencephalitis. Later, all five children were severely mentally retarded and had spastic tetraplegia and small heads; three of them had optic atrophy and were blind. In the other six children, the CMV infection was probably acquired, the clinical symptoms being less severe, and the spasms may have been caused by another factor. In two of the 11 cases, immunosuppressive therapy (ACTH treatment generally given for infantile spasms) seems to have caused a fulminant CMV infection. Two children with CMV infection still show signs of a slow virus infection in the central nervous system many years later.

Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Slow Viruses and Prions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco González-Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Slow Virus ◽  
Jakob Disease

Several central nervous system diseases whose common elements include a long incubation period and a progressive clinical course were once called slow virus infections, because most of them are in fact caused by viruses. However, one group of these CNS diseases is now believed to be caused by abnormally configured proteins known as prions; rather than an etiologic designation, therefore, on the whole these diseases are better characterized by their chronicity, their transmissibility, and at this point, their inexorably deteriorating natural history. This chapter reviews the more common of these: HIV-associated dementia (HAD or HIVD), human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and subacute sclerosing encephalitis (SSPE), which is associated with a variant of measles virus. Figures illustrate the pathogenesis and the pathology of HIV dementia, propagation of scrapie prion protein (PrP) in brain neurons, and spongiform brain changes of CJD. Tables list the stages of HAD and the clinical and pathologic characteristics distinguishing classic CJD and varient CJD. This module contains ­5 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, 57 references, and 5 MCQs. 

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