Axoplasmic reticulum Ca2+release causes secondary degeneration of spinal axons

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Stirling ◽  
Karen Cummins ◽  
S. R. Wayne Chen ◽  
Peter Stys
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Axoplasmic Reticulum

Relationship between golgi apparatus and axonal reticulum in sympathetic ganglion cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
J. Quatacker ◽  
W. De Potter
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Large Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Axoplasmic Reticulum

Mucopolysaccharides have been demonstrated biochemically in catecholamine-containing subcellular particles in different rat, cat and ox tissues. As catecholamine-containing granules seem to arise from the Golgi apparatus and some also from the axoplasmic reticulum we examined wether carbohydrate macromolecules could be detected in the small and large dense core vesicles and in structures related to them. To this purpose superior cervical ganglia and irises from rabbit and cat and coeliac ganglia and their axons from dog were subjected to the chromaffin reaction to show the distribution of catecholamine-containing granules. Some material was also embedded in glycolmethacrylate (GMA) and stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH for the detection of carbohydrate macromolecules.The chromaffin reaction in the perikarya reveals mainly large dense core vesicles, but in the axon hillock, the axons and the terminals, the small dense core vesicles are more prominent. In the axons the small granules are sometimes seen inside a reticular network (fig. 1).

scholarly journals Retinal genes are differentially expressed in areas of primary versus secondary degeneration following partial optic nerve injury

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0192348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam Chiha ◽  
Chrisna J. LeVaillant ◽  
Carole A. Bartlett ◽  
Alex W. Hewitt ◽  
Phillip E. Melton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Optic Nerve Injury ◽  
Secondary Degeneration

scholarly journals Subtalar Joint Arthritis After Total Ankle Replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0011
Author(s):  
Marc Sokolowski ◽  
Lukas Zwicky ◽  
Christine Schweizer ◽  
Beat Hintermann
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Total Ankle Replacement ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Joint Fusion ◽  
Subtalar Fusion ◽  
Ankle Replacement ◽  
Two Stages

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: It has been shown that total ankle replacement (TAR) is effective in reducing pain and maintaining function in posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Compared to ankle fusion, TAR restores hindfoot kinematics more physiological. However, the assumption that the maintenance of ankle motion has a protective effect on the subtalar joint is still a matter of debate. Only a scarce number of long-term studies exist to support this statement.The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate to which extent the integrity of the subtalar joint can be preserved by treating patients with a TAR, (2) to determine the rate of subtalar fusion following TAR, and (3) to determine whether the need of subsequent subtalar fusion was predictable at time of TAR. Methods: A consecutive series of 1140 primary TAR (508 female, 632 male, median age 63.5 years), performed between May 2000 and December 2015, were prospectively documented. The indication for TAR was posttraumatic OA in 78%, primary and systemic OA in 10% each, and other secondary OA in 3% of the cases. 199 subtalar joints were either fused before (n=73) or during TAR surgery (n=126), leaving 941 subtalar joints available for analysis. Radiographs before implantation and at latest follow-up were classified using the Kellgren and Lawrence Grading Score (KLS). In case of a subtalar fusion, the radiograph prior to the fusion was classified. Results: After a median radiographic follow-up of 6.1 years, the KLS remained unchanged in 66% of all cases. While it was increased by one stage in 30%, it was increased by two stages in 3%; whereas, signs of OA decreased by one stage in 1%. Cases with an increase of two stages on the KLS had a longer follow-up compared to cases without increase (p=0.047).37 cases (3.9%) underwent a subtalar joint fusion, of which the indication was progressive OA in 19 cases (51%), instability in 10 cases (27%) and others in 8 cases (22%). Subtalar joints that required a fusion after TAR did not show higher preoperative KLS than the group which did not need a subtalar joint fusion. Conclusion: Apparently, TAR protects the subtalar joint from secondary degeneration, as found in 67% with no increase in KLS. Although 33% showed an increase in the KLS, only 2% required a subtalar fusion due to progressive OA. Overall, the rate of subtalar joint fusion after TAR was low and comparable to the rates reported in the literature. Subtalar joints requiring fusion after TAR did not show higher preoperative rates of OA. Therefore, the KLS classification of subtalar OA on conventional radiographs provides only limited information about the need for postoperative subtalar fusion, and thus need to be interpreted with caution.

FK506 Protects Against Various Immune Responses and Secondary Degeneration Following Cerebral Ischemia

2009 ◽  
Vol 292 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Brecht ◽  
Vicki Waetzig ◽  
Ute Hidding ◽  
Uwe-Karsten Hanisch ◽  
Michael Walther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Secondary Degeneration

scholarly journals Comparing modes of delivery of a combination of ion channel inhibitors for limiting secondary degeneration following partial optic nerve transection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian M. Toomey ◽  
Carole A. Bartlett ◽  
Nikolas Gavriel ◽  
Terence McGonigle ◽  
Maimuna Majimbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Myelin Structure ◽  
Ion Channel Inhibitors ◽  
Optic Nerve Transection ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

Abstract Injury to the central nervous system is exacerbated by secondary degeneration. Previous research has shown that a combination of orally and locally administered ion channel inhibitors following partial optic nerve injury protects the myelin sheath and preserves function in the ventral optic nerve, vulnerable to secondary degeneration. However, local administration is often not clinically appropriate. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of systemic and local delivery of the ion channel inhibitor combination of lomerizine, brilliant blue G (BBG) and YM872, which inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels, P2X7 receptors and Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors respectively. Following a partial optic nerve transection, adult female PVG rats were treated with BBG and YM872 delivered via osmotic mini pump directly to the injury site, or via intraperitoneal injection, both alongside oral administration of lomerizine. Myelin structure was preserved with both delivery modes of the ion channel inhibitor combination. However, there was no effect of treatment on inflammation, either peripherally or at the injury site, or on the density of oligodendroglial cells. Taken together, the data indicate that even at lower concentrations, the combinatorial treatment may be preserving myelin structure, and that systemic and local delivery are comparable at improving outcomes following neurotrauma.

scholarly journals Ongoing Secondary Degeneration of the Limbic System in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal MRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad E. Haque ◽  
Refaat E. Gabr ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Sarah George ◽  
Octavio D. Arevalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Longitudinal Mri ◽  
Mri Study

scholarly journals Treadmill running protects spinal cord contusion from secondary degeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 1346 ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Schultz Ramos Andrade ◽  
Lúcio Mário Mendonça ◽  
Gerson Chadi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Spinal Cord Contusion

scholarly journals Combined VEGF and PDGF Treatment Reduces Secondary Degeneration after Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Lutton ◽  
Yun Wai Young ◽  
Richard Williams ◽  
Adrian C.B. Meedeniya ◽  
Alan Mackay-Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Degeneration ◽  
Cord Injury
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document