Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase define a form of limbic encephalitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Malter ◽  
Christoph Helmstaedter ◽  
Horst Urbach ◽  
Angela Vincent ◽  
Christian G. Bien
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase

Immunotherapy-responsive limbic encephalitis with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase

2014 ◽  
Vol 343 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Markakis ◽  
Harry Alexopoulos ◽  
Cornelia Poulopoulou ◽  
Sofia Akrivou ◽  
Athanasios Papathanasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase

scholarly journals Distinct white matter integrity in glutamic acid decarboxylase and voltage-gated potassium channel-complex antibody-associated limbic encephalitis

Epilepsia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wagner ◽  
Jan-Christoph Schoene-Bake ◽  
Juri-Alexander Witt ◽  
Christoph Helmstaedter ◽  
Michael P. Malter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Voltage Gated

scholarly journals Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis Associated with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2131-2133
Author(s):  
Krishnan Balagopal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the progressive development of neuropsychiatric symptoms including personality changes, memory loss followed by seizures, autonomic dysfunction, and involvement of the medial temporal lobes.1 Limbic encephalitis most commonly presents secondary to an autoimmune aetiology which can be further subclassified into autoimmune and paraneoplastic. Autoimmune LE can be classified according to the presence of autoantibodies into two categories. The first one is associated with antibodies to intracellular neuronal antigens and the other with antibodies to cell surface antigens.2 Intracellular antigens include Hu, Ma2, Collapsin response - mediator protein 5 (CRMP - 5) and cell surface antigens like the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC), N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor (NMDA) and others. The autoimmune form of LE is important because it can be treated with immunotherapy if detected early. We present a case of a patient with recurrent vertigo followed by progressive cognitive dysfunction and involuntary movements. She was diagnosed with autoimmune limbic encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 antibodies. Her symptoms showed improvement following immunomodulatory therapy.

scholarly journals Anti–Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Limbic Encephalitis Without Epilepsy Evolving Into Dementia With Cerebellar Ataxia

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Mirabelli-Badenier ◽  
Giovanni Morana ◽  
Francesca Pinto ◽  
Antonio Uccelli ◽  
Edvige Veneselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase
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