Motor cortex hyperexcitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence of impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission?

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Di Lazzaro ◽  
Antonio Oliviero ◽  
Fabio Pilato ◽  
Eleonora Saturno ◽  
Michele Dileone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission

Motor cortex excitability in Alzheimer's disease: a transcranial magnetic stimulation follow-up study

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Ferreri ◽  
Patrizio Pasqualetti ◽  
Sara Määttä ◽  
David Ponzo ◽  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies in Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
Federica Assenza ◽  
Federica Bressi ◽  
Federica Scrascia ◽  
Marco Del Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration

Although motor deficits affect patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) only at later stages, recent studies demonstrated that primary motor cortex is precociously affected by neuronal degeneration. It is conceivable that neuronal loss is compensated by reorganization of the neural circuitries, thereby maintaining motor performances in daily living. Effectively several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have demonstrated that cortical excitability is enhanced in AD and primary motor cortex presents functional reorganization. Although the best hypothesis for the pathogenesis of AD remains the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in specific regions of the basal forebrain, the application of specific TMS protocols pointed out a role of other neurotransmitters. The present paper provides a perspective of the TMS techniques used to study neurophysiological aspects of AD showing also that, based on different patterns of cortical excitability, TMS may be useful in discriminating between physiological and pathological brain aging at least at the group level. Moreover repetitive TMS might become useful in the rehabilitation of AD patients. Finally integrated approaches utilizing TMS together with others neuro-physiological techniques, such as high-density EEG, and structural and functional imaging as well as biological markers are proposed as promising tool for large-scale, low-cost, and noninvasive evaluation of at-risk populations.

Motor cortex excitability in Alzheimer's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Ferreri ◽  
Flavia Pauri ◽  
Patrizio Pasqualetti ◽  
Rita Fini ◽  
Gloria Dal Forno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Athina-Maria Aloizou ◽  
Georgia Pateraki ◽  
Konstantinos Anargyros ◽  
Vasileios Siokas ◽  
Christos Bakirtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Dementia is a debilitating impairment of cognitive functions that affects millions of people worldwide. There are several diseases belonging to the dementia spectrum, most prominently Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, non-invasive form of brain stimulation that utilizes a magnetic coil to generate an electrical field and induce numerous changes in the brain. It is considered efficacious for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper, we review the available studies involving rTMS in the treatment of these dementia types. The majority of studies have involved AD and shown beneficial effects, either as a standalone, or as an add-on to standard-of-care pharmacological treatment and cognitive training. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to hold a central position in the applied protocols, but several parameters still need to be defined. In addition, rTMS has shown potential in mild cognitive impairment as well. Regarding the remaining dementias, research is still at preliminary phases, and large, randomized studies are currently lacking.

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