Use of face masks and allergic rhinitis from ragweed: why mention only total pollen count and not air pollution levels?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Liccardi ◽  
Matteo Martini ◽  
Maria Beatrice Bilò ◽  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Paola Rogliani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Total Pollen

Boys With Allergic Rhinitis Who Were Sensitized to Blomia tropicalis Are the Most Vulnerable to Air Pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeak-Wun Quek ◽  
Chun-Yi Chuang ◽  
Hui-Hsien Pan ◽  
Hai-Lun Sun ◽  
Ko-Huang Lue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
National Database ◽  
Blomia Tropicalis ◽  
Pollution Levels

Background Studies have confirmed the detrimental effects of air pollutants on allergic disease patients. However, individuals who are most vulnerable have not been completely identified. Methods Clinical study: During 2007 to 2011, 225 children aged 6 to 15 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) were recruited from a hospital in Taichung City, Taiwan. They were classified based on sensitivity to house dust mites, such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis (Bt), or Dermatophagoides microceras. Correlations between Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) scores, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E levels, and air pollution levels were evaluated. Epidemiological study: Records of 9868 children with AR who were matched for study years, age, and city of the clinical study were obtained from a national database. Correlations between clinic visits for AR, topical AR drug prescriptions, and air pollution levels were evaluated. The air pollutants included sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particles <10 μm in diameter (PM10), particles <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC), and methane (CH4). Results Epidemiological study: CO, NO, NO2, and CH4 levels were significantly correlated with topical AR drug prescriptions in boys. However, in girls, only CH4 level was significantly correlated. Clinical study: Positive correlations between the PRQLQ score and air pollutants were noted in boys but not in girls. After adjusting for confounders, correlations between CO, PM2.5, and NO2 levels were noted in boys sensitized to Bt but not in those sensitized to other mites. Conclusion Boys with AR were more vulnerable to air pollutants than girls. Bt-sensitized boys with AR were more vulnerable to air pollutants than girls and those sensitized to other mites.

Increase in prevalence of childhood asthma in Budapest between 1995 and 2003: is there a connection with the air pollution data or the total pollen count?

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Endre ◽  
Sarolta Láng ◽  
Adrienn Vámos ◽  
János Bobvos ◽  
Anna Páldy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
On Line ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Few Data

Introduction: According to the data of the Hungarian pulmonological network, the prevalence of asthma in the last 15 years has increased (almost linearly) in Hungary. In 2004 it was 1.8%. There are only a few data about the prevalence of childhood asthma. Aims: The aim of the authors was to measure the prevalence of bronchial asthma in childhood in Budapest in 1995, 1999 and 2003, using questionnaires directed to district pediatricians. Methods: There were only two questions in these questionnaires: how many children are in their districts, and how many are suffering from asthma? Besides of this survey the dust, CO, NO 2 and SO 2 concentrations in the air were measured on-line at 8 points in Budapest, while ozone level measurements were also made at 2 stations. The counts of pollen and of fungal elements in the air were calculated separately for Buda and for Pest. Results: In 1995, replies were received from 118 pediatricians in 11 districts, who were responsible for the supervision of 104 060 children, out of these 1.88±0.87% had been diagnosed as having asthma. In 1999 replies were sent by 153 physicians in 22 of the 23 districts, who had a total of 142 679 children under their care. These included 3228 asthmatics, i.e. a prevalence of 2.26±0.95%. In 2003 the authors received answers from all of the 23 districts of Budapest. The 204 pediatricians were responsible for the supervision of 176 049 children. The number of patients with the diagnosis of asthma was 4712 (corresponding for a prevalence of 2.68±1.3%). The increase between 1995 and 1999, and between 1999 and 2003 was highly significant (p < 0.0001). This significant increase was valid even when the authors analysed only those 11 districts, which answered already in 1995. The level of air pollution in Budapest did not deteriorate in the period in question, and the concentration of pollen grains of plants causing allergy did not increase compared to previous years. Conclusions: On the basis of the results of more than 100 thousand children, the authors conclude that between 1995 and 2003 the proportion of asthmatic children increased by 50% in Budapest, while the air pollution did not deteriorate and the pollen concentration from sensitizing plants did not increase.

Grass Pollen Counts, Air Pollution Levels and Allergic Rhinitis Severity

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Sarah Rouve ◽  
Hélène Desqueyroux ◽  
Roger Jankovski ◽  
Jean-Michel Klossek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Pollen Counts ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Grass Pollen Counts

scholarly journals Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Hao ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Pai Pang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Xuejun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

scholarly journals Daily air pollution levels and acute asthma in southern Sweden

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Forsberg ◽  
N. Stjernberg ◽  
R. Linné ◽  
B. Segerstedt ◽  
S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Pollution Levels

The Relationship Between Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure, Brown Haze, and Air Pollution in Auckland, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Marley ◽  
Kim Dirks ◽  
Andrew Neverman ◽  
Ian McKendry ◽  
Jennifer Salmond
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Residual Layer ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Haze Formation

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;A brown air pollution haze that forms over some international cities during the winter has been found to be associated with negative health outcomes and high surface air pollution levels. Previous research has demonstrated a well-established link between the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and surface air quality; however, the degree to which the structure of the ABL influences for formation of local-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;scale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; brown haze is unknown. Using continuous ceilometer data covering seven consecutive winters, we investigate the influence of the structure of the ABL in relation to surface air pollution and brown haze formation over an urban area of complex coastal terrain in the Southern Hemisphere city of Auckland, New Zealand. Our results suggest the depth and evolution of the ABL has a strong influence on severe brown haze formation. When days with severe brown haze are compared with those when brown haze is expected but not observed (based on favorable meteorology and high surface air pollution levels), days with severe brown haze are found to coincide with significantly shallower daytime convective boundary layers (~ 48% lower), and the nights preceding brown haze formation are found to have significantly shallower nocturnal boundary layers (~ 28% lower). On severe brown haze days the growth rate during the morning transition phase from a nocturnal boundary layer to a convective daytime boundary layer is found to be significantly reduced (70 m h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) compared to days on which brown haze is expected but not observed (170 m h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;). Compared with moderate brown haze, severe brown haze conditions are found to be associated with a significantly higher proportion of days with a distinct residual layer present in the ceilometer profiles, suggesting the entrainment of residual layer pollutants may contribute to the severity of the haze. This study illustrates the complex interaction between the ABL structure, air pollution, and the presence of brown haze, and demonstrates the utility of a ceilometer instrument in understanding and predicting the occurrence of brown haze events. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Preliminary hazard assessment of air pollution levels in Nizwa, Rusayl and Sur in Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrick Amoatey ◽  
Hamid Omidvarborna ◽  
Mahad Said Baawain ◽  
Issa Al-Harthy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Pollution Levels
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