A self-administered test of taste function using “Taste Strips”

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Wolf ◽  
Laszlo Varga ◽  
Lisa Wittibschlager ◽  
Bertold Renner ◽  
Christian A. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Taste Strips

scholarly journals Validation of Edible Taste Strips for Assessing PROP Taste Perception

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Smutzer ◽  
H. Desai ◽  
S. E. Coldwell ◽  
J. W. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Strips

Smell and Taste Impairment After Total Laryngectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
Matteo Sensini ◽  
Andrea Corvino ◽  
Giancarlo Pecorari ◽  
Massimiliano Garzaro
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Identification Threshold ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Tdi Score

Objective: Aim of this observational study is the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory impairments in laryngectomized long-term survivors compared to control subjects. Correlation between smell and taste alterations, age, and previous adjuvant treatments in laryngectomees was investigated. Methods: Fifty control subjects and 50 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma were evaluated. All subjects underwent symptoms evaluation, oropharyngeal exam, endoscopic fiberoptic nasal examination, and Taste Strips and Sniffin’ Sticks tests. Results: Hyposmia was reported by all laryngectomees and hypogeusia by 54% of patients. Sniffin’ Sticks and Taste Strips tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference between controls and laryngectomees regarding olfactory threshold, odor discrimination and identification, Threshold Discrimination Identification (TDI) score, and sour, salty, and gustatory Total Taste score ( P < .05). Multivariate analysis for Total Taste score in laryngectomees showed a statistically significant correlation with aging, having an odds ratio of 0.127 for age ≥65 years, but not with TDI score, radiotherapy, and follow-up time, whereas multivariate analysis for TDI score demonstrated no correlation with radiotherapy, age, and follow-up time. Conclusions: Total laryngectomy determines olfactory and gustatory impairments that should be taken into account in clinical practice. Relationships between sensorial alterations, aging, follow-up period, and adjuvant treatments should be further evaluated in prospective studies.

scholarly journals Taste function in children: normative values and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam van den Brink ◽  
Irene IJpma ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
Wim J. E. Tissing ◽  
Remco C. Havermans
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
List Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Abstract Background Although less frequent than in adults, taste loss also occurs in childhood. “Taste Strips” are frequently used for diagnosing taste dysfunction; however, normative values are lacking for children. In this study, we will create normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 609 children aged 6–15 years. “Taste Strips” were used to determine sweet, sour, salty, and bitter taste scores by a non-forced procedure. The 10th percentile was used to distinguish normal taste function from a reduced sense of taste. Multivariable generalized linear models (GLM) were estimated to study the effect of age (group), sex, and 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) status on taste function. Results Taste function changed with age, allowing for a distinction of three age groups: (I) 6–7 years, (II) 8–9 years, and (III) 10–15 years. Normative values were created for the age groups and boys and girls separately. Additionally, GLM showed a significant effect of (1) age (group) on sweet, salty, bitter, and total taste scores; (2) sex on sweet, sour, and total taste scores; and (3) PROP status on total taste scores. Conclusions This study provided normative values for the “Taste Strips” in children, highlighting age- and sex-related differences. Impact Taste dysfunction can be harmful and impacts quality of life, a topic that became increasingly important since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although taste dysfunction is thought to be rare in childhood, the detrimental impact of such dysfunction might be large, as children’s eating habits are strongly influenced by input from the chemical senses. Measuring taste function may elucidate the relationship between taste dysfunction and disease, fostering the development of more appropriate supportive strategies. However, adequate tools are lacking for children. Normative values of the “Taste Strips” are now available for children, which bolster the clinical utility of this test.

Detection thresholds for quinine, PTC, and PROP measured using taste strips

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annachiara Cavazzana ◽  
Antti Knaapila ◽  
Florian Roßkopf ◽  
Pengfei Han ◽  
Thomas Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Taste Strips

Chorda Tympani in Chronic Inflammatory Middle Ear Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P52-P53
Author(s):  
Arun Goyal ◽  
P P Singh ◽  
Gautam Dash
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Retraction Pocket ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective To study the effect of chronic inflammatory middle ear disease on gustatory function of chorda tympani nerve. Methods A prospective study was performed in 2007 on 85 patients of unilateral chronic inflammatory middle ear disease of both cholesteatomatous and noncholesteatomatous type. Gustatory assessment on both sides of the tongue was performed using dry taste strips. Taste strips were made of filter paper soaked in four different taste solutions of four different concentrations each and dried. The taste score is the number of correctly identified taste strips. Results were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test. Results Comparison of mean taste scores on the side of diseased ear with normal ear was done. On the diseased side, the mean taste score was 9.16 and on the normal side, the mean taste score was 13.24. The difference between the two was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). The results were also analyzed for various other parameters like type, duration, and location of disease. Site of cholesteatoma was found to have a significant effect on the taste score of the diseased side. Patients having postero-superior retraction pocket cholesteatoma had significantly lower taste scores as compared to those having cholesteatoma at other sites (p=0.008). Conclusions A patient of chronic inflammatory middle ear disease already has dysfunctional chorda tympani and is unlikely to notice a change in the taste sensation in the event of cutting of the nerve during the course of an ear surgery.

scholarly journals Validation of edible taste strips for identifying PROP taste recognition thresholds

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetvi Desai ◽  
Gregory Smutzer ◽  
Susan E. Coldwell ◽  
James W. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Taste Strips

scholarly journals Bitter Taste Perception of the Human Tongue Mediated by Quinine and Caffeine Impregnated Taste Strips

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
David T. Liu ◽  
Gerold Besser ◽  
Florian Oeller ◽  
Christian A. Mueller ◽  
Bertold Renner
Keyword(s):  
Taste Perception ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Gustatory Function ◽  
Quinine Hydrochloride ◽  
Magnitude Scales ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: Tests for gustatory function have become increasingly important in diagnosis and treatment of patients with taste disorders. While caffeine and quinine hydrochloride solutions have been used for global testing of bitter perception, only quinine has been used to test regional bitter perception by means of taste strips. The aim of the present study was to validate caffeine impregnated taste strips as an alternative to quinine taste strips for assessment of regional bitter perception. Methods: A total of 46 healthy volunteers (mean age/range, 23/19-27 years) were included in this study. Quinine and caffeine impregnated taste strips were pairwise presented at different parts of the tongue. Perceived intensity and hedonic dislike were evaluated using labeled magnitude scales. Additionally, gustatory function was assessed using the taste strips test and overall sense of taste was rated using visual analog scales. Results: Assessment of gustatory function demonstrated scores within the normogeusic range in most included subjects (mean/SD, 13.1/2.5). Notably, equally concentrated quinine and caffeine impregnated taste strips placed on different regions of the tongue did not lead to significant differences in perceived intensity or hedonic dislike, whereas quinine and caffeine impregnated taste strips of different concentrations placed on the same region on the tongue led to significant differences of perceived intensity and hedonic dislike. Furthermore, no correlation was found between self-assessment of gustatory function and taste strips scores. Conclusion: Caffeine seems to be a valid bitter compound for regional testing using taste strips and may be used alternatively to quinine.

scholarly journals A new extension to the Taste Strips test

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Axel Wolf ◽  
Oliver Illini ◽  
Daniel Uy ◽  
Bertold Renner ◽  
Christian A. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Gustatory Function ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Quinine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Assessment of gustatory function in human subjects using the 'taste strips' test is an easy and validated procedure. The aim of this study was to extend this test in order to detect subjects with superior gustatory sensitivity. Methods: The investigation included 134 subjects (29.5±12.6 years, range 18-84 years) with normal gustatory function. Four concentrations of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter were augmented with additional low concentrations (sweet: 25/12.5 mg/ml sucrose; sour: 27/15 mg/ml citric acid; salty: 6.4/2.6 mg/ml sodium chloride, bitter: 0.15/0.06 mg/ml quinine hydrochloride), resulting in a maximum extended taste score (ETS) of 24. Results: The mean ETS was 14.5 ± 3.2. Specifically, it was 4.5 ± 1.2 for sweet, 2.8 ± 1.0 for sour, 4.0 ± 1.3 for salty, and 3.2 ± 1.2 for bitter. In contrast to the original version of the taste strips test, no ceiling effect was observed. Cluster analysis separated three groups of subjects by ETS, whereas test scores derived from the original four concentrations were insufficient to discriminate the subgroup with higher gustatory sensitivity. Conclusions: The extended taste strips test seems to be a useful tool for the detection of patients with low gustatory thresholds for sweet, sour, salty, or bitter taste.

scholarly journals The impact of chemosensory dysfunctions on weight loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Daskalou ◽  
Julien W Hsieh ◽  
Marianne Hugentobler ◽  
Basile N Landis
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Taste Strips ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Unit Reduction ◽  
Predictors Of Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychophysical Tests

Background: The role of chemosensory senses (olfaction, taste, and trigeminal) is crucial, and their dysfunctions profoundly affect the quality of life, potentially impacting eating behaviors. However, it is unclear which chemosensory symptoms could lead to undernutrition. This study aims to investigate which findings in patients' smell and taste workup are predictors of weight loss. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on a validated questionnaire consecutively given to adult patients presented in smell and taste consultations during a 10-year period. Psychophysical tests were used to measure chemosensory function (Sniffin' Sticks, taste powder, and Taste Strips tests). Results: We included 555 patients (307 females) with a median age of 51 years (IQR 23). Among them, 76 (13.7%) reported involuntary weight loss due to chemosensory disorders occurred over periods ranging from 3 to 36 months. We found that the odds of losing weight were 2.1 times higher when patients reported changes in aroma perception (p-value=0.012; 95% CI 1.15 - 3.83). Parosmia, but not phantosmia nor smell loss, was a significant predictor of weight loss (OR 2.22; p-value=0.015; 95% CI 1.17 - 4.2). Furthermore, the duration of symptoms for more than two years was protective for weight loss (OR 0.44; p-value=0.014; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.85). Regarding putative etiologies, post-traumatic chemosensory dysfunction was also a significant predictor (OR 2.08; p-value=0.039; 95% CI 1.04 - 4.16). Concerning psychophysical tests, we found that the probability of a patient to present weight loss increased by 8% for every 1-unit reduction in Taste Strips score (p-value=0.006; 95% CI 0.87 - 0.98). Conclusion: We recommend investigating weight loss in smell and taste consultations, especially when patients report changes in aroma perception, parosmia, duration of symptoms for less than two years, head injury, and when low Taste Strips score is measured.

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