scholarly journals An osteometric and 3D analysis of the atlanto‐occipital joint: An initial screening method to exclude crania and atlases in commingled remains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Cappella ◽  
Luciana Affatato ◽  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Debora Mazzarelli ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Commingled Remains

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Correlation to Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Patients with Biliary Obstructions

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Biliary Tract Disease ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Disease

Abdominal Ultrasonography (USG) is an appropriate initial screening method for detection of biliary tract disease the consultants sometimes encounter patients who only have findings of dilatation of the Common Bile Duct (CBD) on US without specic biliary symptoms or jaundice.

scholarly journals Comparing Vertical and Horizontal Screening Methods for Pharmacy Resident Candidates Before Interviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Peeters ◽  
Todd E. Gundram ◽  
Julie A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Residency Recruitment ◽  
Actual Selection

Purpose: Prior studies have examined autobiographical screening methods among medical student applicants, and demonstrated halo bias with single-rater scoring; though others have questioned its practical significance. Comparing with traditional vertical screening method, we evaluated a horizontal method for initial screening of Post-Graduate Year-1 (PGY-1) pharmacy practice resident candidate applications prior to interviews. Methods: Our screening rubric for PGY-1 pharmacy residency candidates consisted of eight criteria, each scored using a 5-point Likert scale. During the 2014 residency recruitment season, two single-evaluators (A&B) scored all eight criteria and their scores were summed into total application scores (vertical method). Meanwhile two other evaluators (C&D) each evaluated only two criteria for all applications. The four combined-evaluators (A-D) scores, on two criteria each, were summed together into total application scores (horizontal method). For statistical comparison of single-evaluator and combined-evaluators, inter-component reliabilities were analyzed for each evaluator, while inter-rater consistency was also examined. For practical significance, actual selection differences were reviewed. Results:Forty-six applications were evaluated to determine 24 invitations for on-site interviews. Inter-component reliability differed among evaluatorA, evaluatorB, combined-evaluators A-D (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74, 0.73, 0.58, respectively; lower better). Among raters, inter-rater consistency was excellent (0.86 by intraclass correlation, p Conclusion: Halo bias was seen with the single-evaluators (vertical method); two interview invitations were negatively impacted. For pharmacy resident screening, a horizontal screening method appears to be rigorous in promoting fairness for applicants. As pharmacy residency applications continue to grow, a fair and time-efficient method of screening seems imperative.   Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Inexpensive Screening Method to Validate the Efficacy of Ethanedinitrile Fumigant on the Forest Invasive Nematode Pest Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4765
Author(s):  
Ondřej Douda ◽  
Václav Stejskal ◽  
Marie Manasova ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Jonáš Hnatek
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
International Laws

At a global scale, the sustainability of forests is endangered by multiple invasive species, including the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), a quarantine pest. International laws and standards require that all exported wood coming from countries in which B. xylophilus is present be chemically or physically treated. Since a major fumigant, methyl bromide, was banned, there has been a need to generate data for alternative fumigants, such as ethanedinitrile (EDN), for this purpose. Since the field screening of fumigants (i.e., the application of various doses to and exposure times of naturally infested wood logs) is prohibitively expensive, the aim of this study was to develop a quick and inexpensive laboratory method. Here, we suggest and describe an innovative method based on sawdust cultures for EDN efficacy screening. In the validation part of this study, we demonstrated (i) the high survival of the nematodes in the sawdust and (ii) the high efficacy of EDN against this pest under in vitro conditions; 100% mortality was observed after 6 h of EDN exposure to a dose of 25 g/m3. In particular, our newly developed model system could be used for the initial screening of various doses of and exposure protocols for EDN and similar types of fumigants developed with the intention of regulating B. xylophilus occurrence in exported wood. It is believed that the validated method may help to develop new and effective EDN fumigation procedures and thereby contribute to the long-term protection of forests worldwide.

scholarly journals Proposal for an initial screening method for identifying microplastics in marine sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Hata ◽  
Ningjun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sieving Process ◽  
Geotechnical Testing

AbstractMarine debris, which is often called microplastics, is widespread in marine environments, particularly in sediments, and is recognized as an environmental hazard because it concentrates contaminants, forms biofilms, and sinks into marine sediments. In sediments, it may be ingested by benthos and have a negative impact on higher food chain levels. In this study, a new protocol was developed to identify microplastics in various sediment fractions. This protocol combined sieving and staining based on ordinal geotechnical/geological testing methods. The sieving process was derived from the conventional particle size distribution test, and nontoxic dyes were employed in the staining process. The protocol is safe and easy to perform as it merely involves the use of conventional geological/geotechnical testing equipment. The new protocol was successfully employed to stain and categorize different types and sizes of microplastic particles from contaminated sediments. This safe, easy-to-use, and efficient protocol can serve as the basis for a new alternative approach to study microplastics present in sediments, which can be performed using basic materials familiar to geotechnical/geological engineers.

scholarly journals PAX1 and SOX1 methylation as an initial screening method for cervical cancer: a meta-analysis of individual studies in Asians

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (19) ◽  
pp. 365-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Zhaolei Cui ◽  
Zhenzhou Xiao ◽  
Minhua Hu ◽  
Chuanhui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Initial Screening

Aspects of the Distinction between Gross and Less Serious Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Diagnostic Instrument ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Significant Factors

The clinician's role in the diagnostic process, and more particularly, his functioning as a diagnostic instrument, is examined in the setting of the initial screening of psychologically disturbed children and adolescents. The clinician's functioning as an observer of patients as well as of himself is discussed. The screening method adopted distinguishes between gross and less serious psychiatric disorders. This distinction is defined, and four significant factors underlying the process are described. The method of screening is briefly outlined. Details of a clinical study of 112 children and adolescents assessed by this method are presented.

Direct phase determination in electron crystallography: small organic molecules

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1167
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Phase Determination ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
3D Data

The quantitative use of electron diffraction intensity data for the determination of crystal structures represents the pioneering achievement in the electron crystallography of organic molecules, an effort largely begun by B. K. Vainshtein and his co-workers. However, despite numerous representative structure analyses yielding results consistent with X-ray determination, this entire effort was viewed with considerable mistrust by many crystallographers. This was no doubt due to the rather high crystallographic R-factors reported for some structures and, more importantly, the failure to convince many skeptics that the measured intensity data were adequate for ab initio structure determinations.We have recently demonstrated the utility of these data sets for structure analyses by direct phase determination based on the probabilistic estimate of three- and four-phase structure invariant sums. Examples include the structure of diketopiperazine using Vainshtein's 3D data, a similar 3D analysis of the room temperature structure of thiourea, and a zonal determination of the urea structure, the latter also based on data collected by the Moscow group.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

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