scholarly journals An isotopic study of dietary diversity in formative period Ancachi/Quillagua, Atacama Desert, northern Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Pinder ◽  
Francisco Gallardo ◽  
Gloria Cabello ◽  
Christina Torres‐Rouff ◽  
William J. Pestle
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Isotopic Study

Dietary diversity in the Atacama desert during the Late intermediate period of northern Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta P. Alfonso-Durruty ◽  
Eugenia M. Gayo ◽  
Vivien Standen ◽  
Victoria Castro ◽  
Claudio Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period

Wild or Domesticated? Camelids in Early Formative Rock Art of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gallardo ◽  
Hugo Yacobaccio
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
Early Formative

AbstractThe absence of suitable methodologies to distinguish between wild and domesticated camelids in rock art has limited the interpretation of visual preferences of Andean prehispanic cultures. Although rock art’s contextual information may provide some indications that help to differentiate between wild and domesticated animals, uncertainty prevails because the relation to camelid forms is indirect. Zoological and zooarchaeological knowledge of South American camelid morphology is used as a means of comparison and identification in Atacama Desert rock art attributed to the Initial Pastoral phase (1500–500 B.C., Early Formative period, northern Chile). Based on this analysis, there are strong arguments for a distinctive graphic representation of wild as opposed to domesticated camelids, as well as a correspondence of these representations to two different modes of subsistence—one of hunters and the other of husbandry-pastoralist societies—which would have coexisted during this transitional period.

scholarly journals The ways of fish beyond the sea: fish circulation and consumption in the Atacama desert, northern Chile, during the Formative period (500 cal B.C.-700 cal A.D.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Ballester ◽  
Elisa Calás ◽  
Rafael Labarca ◽  
William Pestle ◽  
Francisco Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Sea Fish

CONFOUNDINGLY COMPLEX EXPOSURE HISTORIES REVEALED BY 21NE AND 10BE ABUNDANCES IN ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS OF THE ATACAMA DESERT, NORTHERN CHILE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cross Jungers ◽  
◽  
Arjun M. Heimsath ◽  
Ronald Amundson ◽  
Greg Balco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Alluvial Deposits

scholarly journals Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Sepúlveda ◽  
Cecilia Lemp Urzúa ◽  
José Cárcamo-Vega ◽  
Edgar Casanova-Gónzalez ◽  
Sebastián Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Carminic Acid ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
South Central

AbstractThis work concerns the study of colors and dyes identified on archaeological textiles from the Atacama Desert. The different garments and ornaments come from the excavation of two important pre-Columbian cemeteries of the Tarapacá region: Tarapacá-40 attributed to the Formative period (1100 BC–660 AD) and Pica-8 to the Late Intermediate period (900–1450 AD). For the first time, a multi-analytical approach with non-invasive techniques using FORS and SERS was applied on samples of less than 2 cm of length for physicochemical characterization of the raw materials and the dyes employed in the textile production of northern Chile. The fibers are from animal origin. Blue, green, and yellow are identified as indigo, but we cannot discard a mixture with other dyes to vary hue and shade; while carminic acid and alizarin—to a lesser extent—are found on red, orange, and brown samples. This research provides new elements for the discussion about the textile technology developed in this desertic region, its changes, and continuities along the history. Our results are compared to recent findings on neighboring regions from South-Central Andes, to improve the current knowledge and discuss the existence of dyeing textile cultural traditions.

scholarly journals The Life and Death of a Child: Mortuary and Bodily Manifestations of Coast–Interior Interactions during the Late Formative Period (AD 100–400), Northern Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christina Torres-Rouff ◽  
Gonzalo Pimentel ◽  
William J. Pestle ◽  
Mariana Ugarte ◽  
Kelly J. Knudson
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Interregional Interaction ◽  
Intercultural Identity ◽  
Late Formative

Camelid pastoralism, agriculture, sedentism, surplus production, increasing cultural complexity, and interregional interaction during northern Chile's Late Formative period (AD 100–400) are seen in the flow of goods and people over expanses of desert. Consolidating evidence of material culture from these interactions with a bioarchaeological dimension allows us to provide details about individual lives and patterns in the Late Formative more generally. Here, we integrate a variety of skeletal, chemical, and archaeological data to explore the life and death of a small child (Calate-3N.7). By taking a multiscalar approach, we present a narrative that considers not only the varied materiality that accompanies this child but also what the child's life experience was and how this reflects and shapes our understanding of the Late Formative period in northern Chile. This evidence hints at the profound mobility of their youth. The complex mortuary context reflects numerous interactions and long-distance relationships. Ultimately, the evidence speaks to deep social relations between two coastal groups, the Atacameños and Tarapaqueños. Considering this suite of data, we can see a child whose life was spent moving through desert routes and perhaps also glimpse the construction of intercultural identity in the Formative period.

Potential of arsenic bioremediation by a cyanobacterium isolated from the Salado River in the Atacama Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Pablo Pérez-Portilla ◽  
Juan Araya ◽  
Karem Gallardo ◽  
Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Salado River ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Cyanobacteria and microalgae are recognized as excellent metal(loid)s-bioremediators of aquatic systems. We isolated a cyanobacterium from the Salado River in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, which was identified as Cyanobium sp. Growth inhibition bioassays were conducted with arsenic and cadmium, and tolerance of Cyanobium to these metals was estimated. Removal of arsenic was assessed under different pH conditions and over time. We showed that the Cyanobium strain isolated from the Salado River has a greater tolerance to the arsenic and cadmium compounds than other species commonly used in metal(loid)s-bioremediation. Removal of up to 90% of arsenic was obtained in alkaline conditions, within the first 3 hours of exposure suggesting that Cyanobium sp. isolated from the Atacama Desert could be further studied with biotechnological purposes and to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of adaption to arid environments.

The Paleoepidemiology of American Trypasonomiasis (Chagas disease)

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar Salo ◽  
William C. Auferheide ◽  
Michael Madden ◽  
John Streitz ◽  
Jane Buikstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Ancient DNA methodology was applied to extract and amplify a segment of kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma cruzi in soft tissue specimens from about 300 spontaneously mummified human bodies from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile and southern Peru. A DNA probe was then employed to hybridize with the amplicon. Results indicate that about 41% of the population in that geographic area were infected with the trypanosome over the past 9000 years. The epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed. It is also emphasized that this and several other paleoepidemiological studies in progress have established that population-study cohorts of mummies now can generate statistically valid paleoepidemiological investigations capable of testing hypotheses. These reflect the maturation of the academic discipline of the scientific study of mummies.

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