A novel fecal stable isotope approach to determine the timing of age-related feeding transitions in wild infant chimpanzees

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Bădescu ◽  
M. Anne Katzenberg ◽  
David P. Watts ◽  
Daniel W. Sellen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Infant Chimpanzees

Human Migration and Ethnic Expression in the Southeastern Borderland of Mesoamerica

2018 ◽  
pp. 192-222
Author(s):  
Shintaro Suzuki ◽  
Vera Tiesler ◽  
T. Douglas Price
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Mortuary Archaeology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Maya Area ◽  
Body Modifications

This chapter discusses human migration and multiethnicity in Copan, a Maya archaeological site in modern Honduras. A broad skeletal sample from the site has been studied through basic osteology, mortuary archaeology, and archaeochemistry (stable isotope analysis). The combined results show that the ancient city had a significant number of immigrants from all over the Maya Area. There was no sex or age related distinction, nor socioeconomic exclusivity, among these immigrants. In such a multiethnic city, biocultural body modifications, like dental decorations and intentional head shaping, were indicative of their social identities, especially “Mayahood.” The dynamic changes of these biocultural attributes at spatial and chronological scales are evidence of shifting social identities at the southeastern borderland of the Maya Area.

scholarly journals Cumulus cell acetyl-CoA metabolism from acetate is associated with maternal age but only partially with oocyte maturity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Anderson ◽  
Peining Xu ◽  
Alexander J. Frey ◽  
Jason R. Goodspeed ◽  
Mary T. Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Oocyte Maturity ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Age Related

AbstractObjectiveTo use metabolism of cumulus cells (CCs) to predict oocyte competency.DesignCC clumps that associate with oocytes are thought to provide the oocytes with growth and signaling factors. Thus, the metabolism of the CCs may influence oocyte function. This was a prospective and blinded cohort study that analyzed 403 individual sets of CC clumps from 36 participants. Thirty-one of the participants had paired oocyte maturity data. CCs were removed from oocytes after oocyte retrieval procedure, transported individually in vials to the research laboratory, incubated with stable isotope labeled substrates for 60 minutes, and analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for isotopologue enrichment of major metabolic intermediates, including acetyl-CoA derived from the stable isotope labeled substrates.ResultsMean enrichment of M+2 acetyl-CoA (mean, standard deviation), where M+0 is the unlabeled acetyl-CoA, M+1 contains 1 13C, M+2 contains 2 13C atoms, was for glucose (3.6, 7.7), for glutamine (9.4, 6.2), and for acetate (20.7, 13.9). Mean % enrichment of acetyl-CoA from acetate in CCs from women ≤34 (49.06, 12.73) decreased with age compared to CCs from women >34 (43.48, 16.20) (p=0.0004, t test). The CCs associated with the immature prophase I oocytes had significantly lower enrichment in M+2 acetyl CoA compared to the CCs associated with the metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes (difference: −6.02, CI: −1.74,−13.79, p=0.013). Limitations of this preliminary study include the difficulty in recovery of consistent numbers of CCs across oocytes, and the inability in this study to track oocyte function to the primary endpoint of successful birth.ConclusionAcetate metabolism in individual CC clumps was positively correlated with oocyte maturity and decreased with maternal age. These findings indicate that CC metabolism of short chain fatty acids like acetate should be investigated relative to oocyte function and age-related fertility.

Quantification of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine samples by stable isotope dilution

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T McCann ◽  
M M Thompson ◽  
I C Gueron ◽  
M Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Age Related

Abstract A rapid, sensitive, and specific method for quantification of orotic acid from dried filter-paper urine samples is described. The method involves stable isotope dilution with 1,3-[15N2]orotic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to be used with solvent extraction techniques commonly used for urinary organic acid analysis. Extraction efficiencies of both native and isotopic orotic acid from dried filter paper and from water were 31% and 28%, respectively. The concentration of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine specimens from 50 healthy controls was 1.1 +/- 0.67 (mean +/- SD) mmol/mol of urinary creatinine. The same 50 urine samples, analyzed directly from a 5-mL aliquot of liquid urine, gave values of 0.93 +/- 0.51. The correlation coefficient between the results obtained by the two different collection methods was 0.87. Age-related reference values in filter-paper samples are also reported. The concentrations, which are normalized to urinary creatinine, decrease with age. This method is applicable to rapid screening for urea cycle disorders and may also be used for carrier testing of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Spindle shaped bodies in foveolar cones of the baboon retina

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 960-961
Author(s):  
W. Krebs ◽  
I. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Shaped Inclusion

Various inclusion bodies occur in vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Most of them are membrane bound and associated with phagocytosis or they are age related residual bodies. We found an additional inclusion body in foveal cone cells of the baboon (Papio anubis) retina.The eyes of a 15 year old baboon were fixed by immersion in cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde (2%)/formaldehyde (2%) as described in detail elsewhere . Pieces of retina from various locations, including the fovea, were embedded in epoxy resin such that radial or tangential sections could be cut.Spindle shaped inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm of only foveal cones. They were abundant in the inner segments, close to the external limiting membrane (Fig. 1). But they also occurred in the outer fibers, the perikarya, and the inner fibers (Henle’s fibers) of the cone cells. The bodies were between 0.5 and 2 μm long. Their central diameter was 0.2 to 0. 3 μm. They always were oriented parallel to the long axis of the cone cells. In longitudinal sections (Figs. 2,3) they seemed to have a fibrous skeleton that, in cross sections, turned out to consist of plate-like (Fig.4) and tubular profiles (Fig. 5).

Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Carroll ◽  
Graeme Hewitt ◽  
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

Age-Related Differences in Processing Dynamic Information to Identify Vowel Quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Allen Fox ◽  
Lida G. Wall ◽  
Jeanne Gokcen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Process Dynamic ◽  
Center Condition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Control Version ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Whole Word

This study examined age-related differences in the use of dynamic acoustic information (in the form of formant transitions) to identify vowel quality in CVCs. Two versions of 61 naturally produced, commonly occurring, monosyllabic English words were created: a control version (the unmodified whole word) and a silent-center version (in which approximately 62% of the medial vowel was replaced by silence). A group of normal-hearing young adults (19–25 years old) and older adults (61–75 years old) identified these tokens. The older subjects were found to be significantly worse than the younger subjects at identifying the medial vowel and the initial and final consonants in the silent-center condition. These results support the hypothesis of an age-related decrement in the ability to process dynamic perceptual cues in the perception of vowel quality.

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