The adaptive value of secondary males in the polygynous multi-level society of hamadryas baboons

2015 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrina Chowdhury ◽  
Mathew Pines ◽  
Julian Saunders ◽  
Larissa Swedell
Keyword(s):  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Coordination during group departures and progressions in the tolerant multi-level society of wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Montanari ◽  
William J. O’Hearn ◽  
Julien Hambuckers ◽  
Julia Fischer ◽  
Dietmar Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Adult Males ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Group Coordination ◽  
Collective Movement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Papio Papio

AbstractCollective movement of social groups requires coordination between individuals. When cohesion is imperative, consensus must be reached, and specific individuals may exert disproportionate influence during decision-making. Animals living in multi-level societies, however, often split into consistent social subunits during travel, which may impact group coordination processes. We studied collective movement in the socially tolerant multi-level society of Guinea baboons (Papio papio). Using 146 group departures and 100 group progressions from 131 Guinea baboons ranging in Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, we examined individual success at initiating group departures and position within progressions. Two-thirds of attempted departures were initiated by adult males and one third by adult females. Both sexes were equally successful at initiating departures (> 80% of initiations). During group progressions, bachelor males were predominantly found in front, while reproductively active ‘primary’ males and females were observed with similar frequency across the whole group. The pattern of collective movement in Guinea baboons was more similar to those described for baboons living in uni-level societies than to hamadryas baboons, the only other multi-level baboon species, where males initiate and decide almost all group departures. Social organization alone therefore does not determine which category of individuals influence group coordination.

scholarly journals A multi-level society comprised of one-male and multi-male core units in an African colobine (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Stead ◽  
Julie A. Teichroeb
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA few mammalian species exhibit complex, nested social organizations, termed multi-level societies. Among nonhuman primates, multi-level societies have been confirmed in several African papionin and Asian colobine species. Using data on individually-recognized Rwenzori Angolan colobus at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda, we document the first multi-level society in an African colobine. The study band comprised up to 135 individuals living in 12 socially and spatially distinct core units that ranged in size from 4 to 23 individuals. These core units shared a home range, and fissioned and fused throughout the day. Using the association indices between core units, we employed hierarchical cluster analyses and permutation tests to show that some core units clustered into clans. Thus, we confirm three tiers of social organization for Rwenzori Angolan colobus: core unit, clan, and band. The social organization of this subspecies is unlike any reported previously in a nonhuman primate, with about half the core units containing a single adult male and the others containing multiple reproductive adult males. Preliminary data show males to transfer within the band and female to transfer outside of the band, which suggests that, like Hamadryas baboons, this subspecies could provide insight into the selective pressures underlying hominin social organization.

scholarly journals Towards a multi-level and a multi-disciplinary approach to DNA oncovirus virulence

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1773) ◽  
pp. 20190041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Alizon ◽  
Ignacio G. Bravo ◽  
Paul J. Farrell ◽  
Sally Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Level

One out of 10 cancers is estimated to arise from infections by a handful of oncogenic viruses. These infectious cancers constitute an opportunity for primary prevention through immunization against the viral infection, for early screening through molecular detection of the infectious agent, and potentially for specific treatments, by targeting the virus as a marker of cancer cells. Accomplishing these objectives will require a detailed understanding of the natural history of infections, the mechanisms by which the viruses contribute to disease, the mutual adaptation of viruses and hosts, and the possible viral evolution in the absence and in the presence of the public health interventions conceived to target them. This issue showcases the current developments in experimental tissue-like and animal systems, mathematical models and evolutionary approaches to understand DNA oncoviruses. Our global aim is to provide proximate explanations to the present-day interface and interactions between virus and host, as well as ultimate explanations about the adaptive value of these interactions and about the evolutionary pathways that have led to the current malignant phenotype of oncoviral infections. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses’.

The rise and fall of leader males in a multi-level society: Takeovers and tenures of male hamadryas baboons

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Pines ◽  
Shahrina Chowdhury ◽  
Julian Saunders ◽  
Larissa Swedell
Keyword(s):  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Multi Level

Verlaufsanalyse wöchentlicher Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzungen in der Langzeittherapie suchtkranker Jugendlicher

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Tatjana Stadnitski ◽  
Jakob Nützel ◽  
Renate Schepker
Keyword(s):  
Allen Vier ◽  
Multi Level

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Über Veränderungen in der emotionalen Befindlichkeit von Jugendlichen während einer Suchttherapie ist wenig bekannt. Methode: Die Jugendlichen füllten wöchentlich einen entsprechenden Fragebogen aus, analog ihre Bezugsbetreuer eine parallelisierte Kurzfassung. Von 42 Jugendlichen liegen insgesamt 853 Bogen und von den Bezugsbetreuern 708 Bogen vor. Die Fragebogen wurden zunächst faktorenanalytisch hinsichtlich ihrer Dimensionalität ausgewertet, anschließend wurden gruppenbezogene Verlaufsanalysen (Multi-Level-Modelle) und Abhängigkeitsanalysen auf Einzelfallebene (Zeitreihenanalysen) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Im Jugendlichenfragebogen ergaben sich vier Faktoren: negative Befindlichkeit, Wertschätzung von Therapie/Betreuung, Motivation und Suchtdynamik. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Jugendlichen- und der (einfaktoriellen) Betreuereinschätzung fiel insgesamt niedrig bis mäßig aus, brachte aber auf Einzelfallebene differenziertere Ergebnisse. Im Verlauf nahmen die Werte auf allen vier Jugendlichenskalen ab. Einzig der Verlauf der Wertschätzung in der Eingewöhnungsphase war prädiktiv für den späteren Abbruch der Maßnahme: Bei den Abbrechern nahm die Wertschätzung ab, während sie bei den Beendern initial stieg. Schlussfolgerungen: Der bedeutsamste Faktor in Bezug auf die Therapiebeendigung suchtkranker Jugendlicher scheint die Wertschätzung von Therapie/Betreuung zu sein, während die Motivation jugendtypische Schwankungen aufweist. Der Suchtdynamik kam eine deutlich weniger bedeutende Rolle zu als allgemein angenommen. Programme in der Langzeittherapie sollten die Wertschätzung von Therapie/Betreuung künftig mehr fokussieren als die Suchtdynamik.

A Multi-level Measure Of Safety Climate And Associations With Safety Behaviors In The Fire Service

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Smith ◽  
Mari-Amanda Dyal ◽  
Yongjia Pu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
David M. DeJoy
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Multi Level
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