Diagnostic value of micro-CT in comparison with histology in the qualitative assessment of historical human skull bone pathologies

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Rühli ◽  
G. Kuhn ◽  
R. Evison ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Human Skull

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Correlation between the Mechanical Properties of Human Skull Bone, Its Geometry, Microarchitectural Properties, and Water Content

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jik Hang Clifford Lee ◽  
Benjamin Ondruschka ◽  
Lisa Falland-Cheung ◽  
Mario Scholze ◽  
Niels Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Detailed Imaging

With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis, modalities need arises to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The main aim was to analyze the effect of macroscopic and microstructural features, as well as periosteal attachment, on the mechanical properties of human skull bone. Fifty-six skull specimens from ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed cadavers were prepared from two human cadavers. Assuming symmetry of the skull, all samples from one-half each were stripped of periosteum and dura mater, while the soft tissues were kept intact on the remaining samples on the contralateral side. The specimens were analyzed using microcomputed tomography to assess trabecular connectivity density, total surface area, and volume ratio. The specimens were loaded under three-point bend tests until fracture with optical co-registration. The bone fragments were then lyophilized to measure their water content. With increasingly detailed imaging and mechanical analysis modalities, there is a need to update methodology and assessment criteria for skull bone analysis to understand how the bone microarchitecture and the presence of attached tissues may affect the response to mechanical load. The mechanical properties were negatively correlated to bone thickness and water content. Conversely, most microarchitectural features did not influence either mechanical parameter. The correlation between mechanical response data and morphologic properties remains similar between the results of embalmed tissues presented here and fresh osseous tissue from literature data. The findings presented here add to the existing methodology to assess human skull for research purposes. The interaction between most microarchitectural features in ethanol-phenoxyethanol-embalmed embalmed skull samples and bending stress appear to be minute.

Experimental study of the bone behaviour of the human skull bone for the development of a physical head model

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Delille ◽  
D Lesueur ◽  
P Potier ◽  
P Drazetic ◽  
E Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Human Skull

scholarly journals Longitudinal and shear mode ultrasound propagation in human skull bone

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. White ◽  
G.T. Clement ◽  
K. Hynynen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Mode ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Ultrasound Propagation

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Can Be Used as an Adjuvant Tool for Prostate Cancer Screening: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Yin ◽  
Changliang Luo ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Xu Ding ◽  
Chunhui Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

As part of “liquid biopsy,” lots of literature indicated the potential diagnostic value of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the literature on the accuracy of cfDNA detection in PCa has been inconsistent. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of cfDNA in PCa. A total of 19 articles were included in this analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We then investigated two main subgroups in this meta-analysis, including qualitative analysis of abnormal level of cfDNA and qualitative analysis of single-gene methylation alterations. Overall, the results of quantitative analysis showed sensitivity of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62–0.82) and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.87), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80–0.86). For qualitative assessment, the values were 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22–0.48), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–1.00), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.93), respectively. Our results suggest the pooled specificity of each subgroup is much higher than the specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, they are not recommended for PCa screening alone, because their sensitivities are not higher than the conventional serum biomarkers PSA. We conclude that analysis of cfDNA can be used as an adjuvant tool for PCa screening.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Axicon: Systematic Approach to Optimize Focusing Resolution through Human Skull Bone

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Acquaticci ◽  
Sergio E. Lew ◽  
Sergio N. Gwirc
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Acoustic Beam ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Focusing Distance ◽  
Ultrasound Applications ◽  
Type Transducer

The use of axicon lenses is useful in many high-resolution-focused ultrasound applications, such as mapping, detection, and have recently been extended to ultrasonic brain therapies. However, in order to achieve high spatial resolution with an axicon lens, it is necessary to adjust the separation, called stand-off (δ), between a conventional transducer and the lens attached to it. Comprehensive ultrasound simulations, using the open-source k-Wave toolbox, were performed for an axicon lens attached to a piezo-disc type transducer with a radius of 14 mm, and a frequency of about 0.5 MHz, that is within the range of optimal frequencies for transcranial transmission. The materials properties were measured, and the lens geometry was modelled. Hydrophone measurements were performed through a human skull phantom. We obtained an initial easygoing design model for the lens angle and optimal stand-off using relatively simple formulas. The skull is not an obstacle for focusing of ultrasound with optimized axicon lenses that achieve an identical resolution to spherical transducers, but with the advantage that the focusing distance is shortened. An adequate stand-off improves the lateral resolution of the acoustic beam by approximately 50%. The approach proposed provides an effective way of designing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based axicon lenses equipped transducers.

Fluorescence spectra of macerated human skull bone

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kruszewski ◽  
Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz ◽  
Bronislaw Grzegorzewski
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Human Skull
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