scholarly journals Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) adapt their nesting behavior after large‐scale forest clearance and community decline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Dijk ◽  
Marie Cibot ◽  
Matthew R. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Forest Clearance

scholarly journals Classifying Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Landscapes Across Large-Scale Environmental Gradients in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. van Leeuwen ◽  
Ross A. Hill ◽  
Amanda H. Korstjens
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Forest Mosaic ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractPrimates are sometimes categorized in terms of their habitat. Although such categorization can be oversimplistic, there are scientific benefits from the clarity and consistency that habitat categorization can bring. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) inhabit various environments, but researchers often refer to “forest” or “savanna” chimpanzees. Despite the wide use of this forest–savanna distinction, clear definitions of these landscapes for chimpanzees, based on environmental variables at study sites or determined in relation to existing bioclimatic classifications, are lacking. The robustness of the forest–savanna distinction thus remains to be assessed. We review 43 chimpanzee study sites to assess how the landscape classifications of researchers fit with the environmental characteristics of study sites and with three bioclimatic classifications. We use scatterplots and principal components analysis to assess the distribution of chimpanzee field sites along gradients of environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, precipitation seasonality, forest cover, and satellite-derived Hansen tree cover). This revealed an environmental continuum of chimpanzee study sites from savanna to dense forest, with a rarely acknowledged forest mosaic category in between, but with no natural separation into these three classes and inconsistencies with the bioclimatic classifications assessed. The current forest–savanna dichotomy therefore masks a progression of environmental adaptation for chimpanzees, and we propose that recognizing an additional, intermediate “forest mosaic” category is more meaningful than focusing on the ends of this environmental gradient only. Future studies should acknowledge this habitat continuum, place their study sites on the forest–savanna gradient, and include detailed environmental data to support further attempts at quantification.

Large-scale production ofPlasmodium vivaxsporozoites

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ponnudurai ◽  
A. H. W. Lensen ◽  
G. J. van Gemert ◽  
M. Bolmer ◽  
A. van Belkum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Mass Scale Production

SUMMARYMass-scale production ofPlasmodium vivaxsporozoites inAnopheles stephensiwas achieved using the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as a source of infective blood. Membrane feeding was as successful as feeding mosquitoes directly on the animal so long as the time between drawing the blood and feeding was restricted to 45 min. Longer delays such as 2–3 h resulted in loss of infectivity in terms of oocyst production. The selected strain ofA. stephensiwas highly susceptible toP. vivax(Chesson strain). A strain ofA. stephensirelatively refractory toP. falciparumshowed no cross-refractoriness toP. vivax. Mixed infections ofP. falciparumandP. vivaxdid not interfere with each other in their development inA. stephensi. A second normal blood meal to mosquitoes infected withP. vivaxincreased the yield of salivary gland sporozoites.

scholarly journals Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement G. Tweh ◽  
Menladi M. Lormie ◽  
Célestin Y. Kouakou ◽  
Annika Hillers ◽  
Hjalmar S. Kühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Mammal Species

AbstractLiberia has the largest blocks of continuous forest in West Africa, providing habitat for numerous wildlife species. However, there is a lack of empirical data about the status of Liberia's wildlife populations. During 2010–2012 we conducted the first nationwide survey in Liberia along c. 320 km of systematically located transect lines to estimate the abundance of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus, the diversity of large mammals and the nature and degree of anthropogenic threats. With > 7,000 chimpanzees, Liberia is home to the second largest population of West African chimpanzees and is therefore a priority for conservation of the species. Compared to the fragmented populations in other range countries the Liberian population is potentially one of the most viable. Our study revealed that the majority of chimpanzees and some of the most species-diverse mammal communities in Liberia exist outside protected areas. High hunting rates and plans for large-scale exploitation of natural resources necessitate rapid implementation of effective strategies to ensure the protection of one of West Africa's last strongholds for chimpanzees and other rare and threatened mammal species. We provide a country-wide baseline dataset that may serve as a platform for Liberian wildlife authorities, policy-makers and international conservation agencies to make informed decisions about the location and delineation of proposed protected areas, to identify conservation gaps and to devise a conservation action plan to conserve Liberia's wildlife resources.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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