Western chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) access a nutritionally balanced, high energy, and abundant food, baobab ( Adansonia digitata ) fruit, with extractive foraging and reingestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Lindshield ◽  
Jessica M. Rothman ◽  
Sylvia Ortmann ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Extractive Foraging ◽  
Abundant Food

scholarly journals Sex Bias and Social Influences on Savanna Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Nest Building Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona A. Stewart ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Extractive Foraging ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adult Females

AbstractMany primates show sex differences in behavior, particularly social behavior, but also tool use for extractive foraging. All great apes learn to build a supportive structure for sleep. Whether sex differences exist in building, as in extractive foraging, is unknown, and little is known about how building skills develop and vary between individuals in the wild. We therefore aimed to describe the nesting behavior of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Fongoli, Senegal to provide comparative data and to investigate possible sex or age differences in nest building behaviors and nest characteristics. We followed chimpanzee groups to their night nesting sites to record group (55 nights) and individual level data (17 individuals) on nest building initiation and duration (57 nests) during the dry season between October 2007 and March 2008. We returned the following morning to record nest and tree characteristics (71 nests built by 25 individuals). Fongoli chimpanzees nested later than reported for other great apes, but no sex differences in initiating building emerged. Observations were limited but suggest adult females and immature males to nest higher, in larger trees than adult males, and adult females to take longer to build than either adult or immature males. Smaller females and immature males may avoid predation or access thinner, malleable branches, by nesting higher than adult males. These differences suggest that sex differences described for chimpanzee tool use may extend to nest building, with females investing more time and effort in constructing a safe, warm structure for sleep than males do.

Feeding in fear? How adult male western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) adjust to predation and savanna habitat pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Lindshield ◽  
Brent J. Danielson ◽  
Jessica M. Rothman ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus

scholarly journals Taste responsiveness of Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) to five food-associated saccharides

Primates ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Norlén ◽  
Desirée Sjöström ◽  
Madeleine Hjelm ◽  
Therese Hård ◽  
Matthias Laska
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus

scholarly journals Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) density and environmental gradients at their biogeographical range edge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin G. Wessling ◽  
Paula Dieguez ◽  
Manuel Llana ◽  
Liliana Pacheco ◽  
Jill D. Pruetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACTIdentifying ecological gradients at the range edge of a species is an essential step in revealing the underlying mechanisms and constraints that limit the species’ geographic range. We aimed to describe the patterns of variation in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) density and habitat characteristics perpendicular to the northern edge of their range and to investigate potential environmental mechanisms underlying chimpanzee distribution in a savanna-mosaic habitat. We estimated chimpanzee densities at six sites forming a 126 km latitudinal gradient at the biogeographical range edge of the western chimpanzee in the savanna-mosaic habitats of southeastern Senegal. To accompany these data, we used systematically placed vegetation plots to characterize the habitats at each site for habitat heterogeneity, tree density and size, floral assemblages, among other variables. We found that both biotic and abiotic factors are potential determinants of the chimpanzee range limit in this ecoregion. Specifically, chimpanzee-occupied landscapes at the limit had smaller available floral assemblages, less habitat heterogeneity, and contained fewer closed canopy habitats in which chimpanzees could seek refuge from high temperatures than landscapes farther from the range limit. This pattern was accompanied by a decline in chimpanzee density with increasing proximity to the range limit. Our results provide several indications of the potential limits of food species diversity, thermal refuge, and water availability to the chimpanzee niche and the implications of these limits for chimpanzee biogeography, especially in the face of climate change predictions, as well as to species distributional modeling more generally.

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