scholarly journals Feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation via oral gavage to safely alter gut microbiome composition in marmosets

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna N. Ross ◽  
Kelly R. Reveles
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Microbiome Composition

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation improves metabolism and gut microbiome composition in db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-pei Zhang ◽  
Lin-lin Li ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Qin-wei Li ◽  
Xu-hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiome Composition

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates bone loss by improving gut microbiome composition and gut barrier function in aged rats

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12293
Author(s):  
Sicong Ma ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Wen Wu ◽  
Lingjie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Senile Osteoporosis ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Background Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis is closely related to bone loss and the occurrence of osteoporosis in animals and human. However, little is known about the effect and the mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on bone in the treatment of senile osteoporosis. Methods Aged female rats were randomly divided into the FMT group and the control group. 3-month-old female rats were used as fecal donors. The rats were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks following transplantation and the serum, intestine, bone, and feces were collected for subsequent analyses. Results The bone turnover markers of osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and carboxy-terminal peptide (CTX) decreased significantly at 12 and 24 weeks following FMT (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks following transplantation, histomorphometric parameters including the bone volume (BV), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the FMT group were comparable to the control group. However, at 24 weeks following transplantation, these parameters of the FMT group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the GM aggregated at 12 and 24 weeks following FMT, and the ecological distance was close between the rats in the FMT group and the donor rats. Alpha diversity, shown by the Shannon index and Simpson index, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased significantly after FMT at 24 weeks. Furthermore, FMT restored the GM composition in aged rats at the phylum and family level, and the intestinal microbiota of the aged rats was similar to that of the donor rats. Correlation network analysis indirectly suggested the causality of FMT on alleviating osteoporosis. FMT improved the intestinal structure and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins of occludin, claudin, and ZO-1, which might be associated with the protective effects of FMT on bone. Conclusions GM transplanted from young rats alleviated bone loss in aged rats with senile osteoporosis by improving gut microbiome composition and intestinal barrier function. These data might provide a scientific basis for future clinical treatment of osteoporosis through FMT.

scholarly journals Stochastic microbiome assembly depends on context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Jones ◽  
Jean M. Carlson ◽  
David A. Sivak ◽  
William B. Ludington
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

AbstractObservational studies reveal substantial variability in microbiome composition across individuals. While some of this variability can be explained by external factors like environmental, dietary, and genetic differences between individuals, in this paper we show that for the model organism Drosophila melanogaster the process of microbiome assembly is inherently stochastic and contributes a baseline level of microbiome variability even among organisms that are identically reared, housed, and fed. In germ-free flies fed known combinations of bacterial species, we find that some species colonize more frequently than others even when fed at the same high concentration. We develop a new ecological technique that infers the presence of interactions between bacterial species based on their colonization odds in different contexts, requiring only presence/absence data from two-species experiments. We use a progressive sequence of probabilistic models, in which the colonization of each bacterial species is treated as an independent stochastic process, to reproduce the empirical distributions of colonization outcomes across experiments. We find that incorporating context-dependent interactions substantially improves the performance of the models. Stochastic, context-dependent microbiome assembly underlies clinical therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic administration, and should inform the design of synthetic fecal transplants and dosing regimes.Significance StatementIndividuals are constantly exposed to microbial organisms that may or may not colonize their gut microbiome, and newborn individuals assemble their microbiomes through a number of these acquisition events. Since microbiome composition has been shown to influence host physiology, a mechanistic understanding of community assembly has potentially therapeutic applications. In this paper we study microbiome acquisition in a highly-controlled setting using germ-free fruit flies inoculated with specific bacterial species at known abundances. Our approach revealed that acquisition events are stochastic, and the colonization odds of different species in different contexts encode ecological information about interactions. These findings have consequences for microbiome-based therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation that attempt to modify a person’s gut microbiome by deliberately introducing foreign microbes.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal disturbance and effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in discharged COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqiong Liu ◽  
Shanliang Ye ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Xuesong He ◽  
Shengzhou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Rehabilitative Intervention ◽  
Oral Capsule

Abstract Background To investigate the potential beneficial effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on gastrointestinal symptoms, gut dysbiosis and immune status in discharged COVID-19 patients. Case presentation A total of 11 COVID-19 patients were recruited in April, 2020, about one month on average after they were discharged from the hospital. All subjects received FMT for 4 consecutive days by oral capsule administrations with 10 capsules for each day. In total, 5 out of 11 patients reported to be suffered from gastrointestinal symptoms, which were improved after FMT. After FMT, alterations of B cells were observed, which was characterized as decreased naive B cell (P = 0.012) and increased memory B cells (P = 0.001) and non-switched B cells (P = 0.012).The microbial community richness indicated by operational taxonomic units number, observed species and Chao1 estimator was marginally increased after FMT. Gut microbiome composition of discharged COVID-19 patients differed from that of the general population at both phylum and genera level, which was characterized with a lower proportion of Firmicutes (41.0%) and Actinobacteria (4.0%), higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (42.9%) and Proteobacteria (9.2%). FMT can partially restore the gut dysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (15.0%) and reducing Proteobacteria (2.8%) at the phylum level. At the genera level, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium had significantly increased after FMT. Conclusions After FMT, altered peripheral lymphocyte subset, restored gut microbiota and alleviated gastrointestinal disorders were observe, suggesting that FMT may serve as a potential therapeutic and rehabilitative intervention for the COVID-19.

scholarly journals A theoretical model of temperate phages as mediators of gut microbiome dysbiosis

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Lin ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Insight Into

Bacteriophages are the most prominent members of the gut microbiome, outnumbering their bacterial hosts by a factor of 10. Phages are bacteria-specific viruses that are gaining attention as highly influential regulators of the gut bacterial community. Dysregulation of the gut bacterial community contributes to dysbiosis, a microbiome disorder characterized by compositional and functional changes that contribute to disease. A role for phages in gut microbiome dysbiosis is emerging with evidence that the gut phage community is altered in dysbiosis-associated disorders such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Several recent studies have linked successful fecal microbiota transplantation to uptake of the donor’s gut phage community, offering some insight into why some recipients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Here, we review the literature supporting a role for phages in mediating the gut bacterial community, giving special attention to Western diet dysbiosis as a case study to demonstrate a theoretical phage-based mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Recent advances in modulating the microbiome

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn M.M Quigley ◽  
Prianka Gajula
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Human Phenotype ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

We are in the midst of “the microbiome revolution”—not a day goes by without some new revelation on the potential role of the gut microbiome in some disease or disorder. From an ever-increasing recognition of the many roles of the gut microbiome in health and disease comes the expectation that its modulation could treat or prevent these very same diseases. A variety of interventions could, at least in theory, be employed to alter the composition or functional capacity of the microbiome, ranging from diet to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). For some, such as antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics, an extensive, albeit far from consistent, literature already exists; for others, such as other dietary supplements and FMT, high-quality clinical studies are still relatively few in number. Not surprisingly, researchers have turned to the microbiome itself as a source for new entities that could be used therapeutically to manipulate the microbiome; for example, some probiotic strains currently in use were sourced from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans. From all of the extant studies of interventions targeted at the gut microbiome, a number of important themes have emerged. First, with relatively few exceptions, we are still a long way from a precise definition of the role of the gut microbiome in many of the diseases where a disturbed microbiome has been described—association does not prove causation. Second, while animal models can provide fascinating insights into microbiota–host interactions, they rarely recapitulate the complete human phenotype. Third, studies of several interventions have been difficult to interpret because of variations in study population, test product, and outcome measures, not to mention limitations in study design. The goal of microbiome modulation is a laudable one, but we need to define our targets, refine our interventions, and agree on outcomes.

scholarly journals Benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080
Author(s):  
Muluneh Ademe
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Host Metabolism

A growing body of literatures showed the interaction of dysbiotic gut with a wide range of disorders, and the clinical use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shifted from infectious disease to non-communicable disorders. Despite the promising therapeutic benefits of FMT, the exact mechanisms through which fecal recipients benefit from the fecal intervention are not well understood. However, owing to the advantages of having a healthy gut microbiome, possible mechanisms of actions of FMT has been described. On the one hand, through direct ecological competition, FMT may potentially stimulate decolonization of pathogenic microorganisms and increase host resistance to pathogens. Moreover, following dysbiosis, abnormal microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may also cause excessive or dysregulated immune response, resulting in chronic inflam­mation and the development of mucosal lesions. In this regard, repopulating gut microbiome through FMT helps to restore immune function and reduce host damage. On the other hand, FMT helps to restore essential metabolites used for host metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), antimicrobial peptides (AMP), bacteriocins and bile acids. Therefore, in this review, the existing evidences regarding the mechanisms of action, current opportunities and challenges of FMT will be described.

scholarly journals Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurological restoration in a spinal cord injury mouse model: involvement of brain-gut axis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Jing ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Fan Bai ◽  
Limiao Wang ◽  
Degang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients display disruption of gut microbiome and gut dysbiosis exacerbate neurological impairment in SCI models. Cumulative data support an important role of gut microbiome in SCI. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may exert a neuroprotective effect on SCI mice. Results: We found that FMT facilitated functional recovery, promoted neural axonal regeneration, improved animal weight gain and metabolic profiling, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and GI motility. High-throughput sequencing revealed that levels of phylum Firmicutes, genus Blautia, Anaerostipes and Lactobacillus were reduced in fecal samples of SCI mice, and FMT remarkably reshaped gut microbiome. Also, FMT-treated SCI mice showed increased amount of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which correlated with alteration of intestinal permeability and locomotor recovery. Furthermore, FMT down-regulated IL-1β/NF-κB signaling in spinal cord and NF-κB signaling in gut. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that reprogramming of gut microbiota by FMT improves locomotor and GI functions in SCI mice, possibly through the anti-inflammatory functions of SCFAs.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
Dan Zang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention, and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune homeostasis locally and systematically. Some studies have found that gut dysbiosis, disturbance of the structure and function of the gut microbiome, disrupts pulmonary immune homeostasis, thus leading to increased disease susceptibility; the gut-lung axis is the primary cross-talk for this communication. Gut dysbiosis is involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of lung cancer through genotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and defective immunosurveillance. In addition, the gut microbiome harbors the potential to be a novel biomarker for predicting sensitivity and adverse reactions to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy and depress the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by regulating the gut microbiota. Although current studies have found that gut microbiota closely participates in the development and immunotherapy of lung cancer, the mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing carcinogenesis and immunotherapy in lung cancer and to provide new strategies for governing gut microbiota to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

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