Spatiotemporal association patterns in a supergroup of Rwenzori black‐and‐white colobus ( Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii ) are consistent with a multilevel society

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Miller ◽  
Shahadat Uddin ◽  
Debra S. Judge ◽  
Beth A. Kaplin ◽  
Dieudonne Ndayishimiye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Patterns ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Multilevel Society ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Black And White Colobus

Diet and Use of Fallback Foods by Rwenzori Black-and-White Colobus (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) in Rwanda: Implications for Supergroup Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-457
Author(s):  
Alex Miller ◽  
Debra Judge ◽  
Grace Uwingeneye ◽  
Dieudonne Ndayishimiye ◽  
Cyril C. Grueter
Keyword(s):  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Black And White Colobus

Quantifying Mineral Intake and the Role of Minerals on Food Selection in Angola Black and White Colobus Monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Noah T. Dunham ◽  
Paul Otieno Opere
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Black And White Colobus ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Free Ranging

Minerals are vital for many metabolic processes, and mineral deficiencies can adversely impact health and fitness. Mineral concentrations of food items are commonly reported in primate nutritional ecology studies and have been identified as important factors in primate food selection; however, very few studies have quantified daily mineral intake of free-ranging primates. We examined the concentration of 9 minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in foods consumed by <i>Colobus angolensis palliatus</i> inhabiting the Diani Forest of Kenya, and test whether individuals preferentially selected leaves in accordance with their mineral concentrations. We also examined the effects of sex, group, and season on daily mineral intake, quantifying both percentage-based and mass-based intakes. We then compared daily mineral intake values to published recommendations. Behavioral data and plant samples were collected from July 2014 to December 2015. We found that individuals preferred leaves with greater P content and lower Ca content. Daily mineral intake differed significantly between sexes and among groups and seasons. These results are interpretable via differences in time spent feeding and total energy intake. Intakes fell below percentage-based recommendations for P, Na, Fe, Cu, and Mn but met or exceeded mass-based recommendations for all minerals except Na. This discrepancy is likely explained by the conservative nature of percentage-based mineral recommendations and the difficulty of comparing and scaling mass-based mineral recommendations among primate species. Studies that quantify daily mineral intake are needed to better understand the role of minerals on dietary selection, more accurately identify potential mineral deficiencies, and provide more informed recommendations for captive primates.

Feeding competition inferred from patch depletion in a supergroup of Rwenzori black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) in Rwanda

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 731-760
Author(s):  
Alex Miller ◽  
Debra S. Judge ◽  
Grace Uwingeneye ◽  
Dieudonne Ndayishimiye ◽  
Beth A. Kaplin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scramble Competition ◽  
Feeding Competition ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Colobus Monkeys ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Black And White Colobus ◽  
Patch Depletion

Abstract Competition for food is often a cost associated with living in a group, and can occur in an indirect (scramble) or direct (contest) form. We investigated feeding competition in a supergroup of Rwenzori black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) in Rwanda, with the aim of establishing whether freedom from scramble competition allows these monkeys to form supergroups. We used the patch depletion method, measuring intake rate coupled with movement rate, to assess if food patches become depleted over the occupancy period. Resource depletion was evident when the colobus fed on young leaves, but not when feeding on mature leaves. Scramble competition was inferred from a negative correlation between group size and change in intake rate over patch occupancy. Between-group contest competition was inferred from displacement from patches. Although feeding competition exists for select resources, limited competition for mature leaves may enable Rwenzori colobus to live in a supergroup of hundreds of individuals in this montane forest.

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