scholarly journals Intragroup genetic relatedness in two howler monkey species (Alouatta pigraandA. palliata): Implications for understanding social systems and dispersal

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella D. Nidiffer ◽  
Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Monkey Species

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness delineates the social structure of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Diaz-Aguirre ◽  
Guido J Parra ◽  
Cecilia Passadore ◽  
Luciana Möller
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modularity Analysis ◽  
Network Metrics

AbstractSocial relationships represent an adaptive behavioral strategy that can provide fitness benefits to individuals. Within mammalian societies, delphinids are known to form diverse grouping patterns and show a variety of social systems. However, how ecological and intrinsic factors have shaped the evolution of such diverse societies is still not well understood. In this study, we used photo-identification data and biopsy samples collected between March 2013 and October 2015 in Coffin Bay, a heterogeneous environment in South Australia, to investigate the social structure of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops cf. australis). Based on the data from 657 groups of dolphins, we used generalized affiliation indices, and applied social network and modularity methods to study affiliation patterns among individuals and investigate the potential presence of social communities within the population. In addition, we investigated genetic relatedness and kinship relationships within and between the communities identified. Modularity analysis revealed that the Coffin Bay population is structured into 2 similar sized, mixed-sex communities which differed in ranging patterns, affiliation levels and network metrics. Lagged association rates also indicated that nonrandom affiliations persisted over the study period. The genetic analyses suggested that there was higher relatedness, and a higher proportion of inferred full-sibs and half-sibs, within than between communities. We propose that differences in environmental conditions between the bays and kinship relationships are important factors contributing to the delineation and maintenance of this social structure.

scholarly journals Isotopic niche partitioning in two sympatric howler monkey species

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Flores‐Escobar ◽  
Carolina Sanpera ◽  
Lluís Jover ◽  
Liliana Cortés‐Ortiz ◽  
Ariadna Rangel‐Negrín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Monkey Species

scholarly journals Blood is not always thicker than water: The limited effect of kin selection on human kinship in the traditional Chinese family

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
Surprising Finding

Abstract To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates (genetically related relatives). For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture (i.e., seniority in generation and age) played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family: for collateral (indirect) agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal (direct) agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families.

Impact of yellow fever outbreaks on two howler monkey species (Alouatta guariba clamitansandA. caraya) in Misiones, Argentina

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Holzmann ◽  
Ilaria Agostini ◽  
Juan Ignacio Areta ◽  
Hebe Ferreyra ◽  
Pablo Beldomenico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Monkey Species

scholarly journals Evolutionary routes to non-kin cooperative breeding in birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1772) ◽  
pp. 20132245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Riehl
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding

Cooperatively breeding animals live in social groups in which some individuals help to raise the offspring of others, often at the expense of their own reproduction. Kin selection—when individuals increase their inclusive fitness by aiding genetic relatives—is a powerful explanation for the evolution of cooperative breeding, particularly because most groups consist of family members. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that many cooperative groups also contain unrelated immigrants, and the processes responsible for the formation and maintenance of non-kin coalitions are receiving increasing attention. Here, I provide the first systematic review of group structure for all 213 species of cooperatively breeding birds for which data are available. Although the majority of species (55%) nest in nuclear family groups, cooperative breeding by unrelated individuals is more common than previously recognized: 30% nest in mixed groups of relatives and non-relatives, and 15% nest primarily with non-relatives. Obligate cooperative breeders are far more likely to breed with non-kin than are facultative cooperators, indicating that when constraints on independent breeding are sufficiently severe, the direct benefits of group membership can substitute for potential kin-selected benefits. I review three patterns of dispersal that give rise to social groups with low genetic relatedness, and I discuss the selective pressures that favour the formation of such groups. Although kin selection has undoubtedly been crucial to the origin of most avian social systems, direct benefits have subsequently come to play a predominant role in some societies, allowing cooperation to persist despite low genetic relatedness.

REVISITING MONKEYS ON POTS: A CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATION OF PRIMATE IMAGERY ON CLASSIC LOWLAND MAYA POTTERY

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prudence M. Rice ◽  
Katherine E. South
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Monkey Species ◽  
Creation Myth ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Lowland Maya

AbstractFour species of monkeys may have lived in the Maya region in pre-Columbian times: two howler monkey species, the spider monkey, and possibly the capuchin. Simians also played an important role in Maya creation myth and cosmology, and are frequently represented on Maya pottery and in glyphic texts. Scholars disagree, however, on which monkeys are depicted. Here we provide an analysis of 142 monkey images on 97 pots, focusing especially on Classic-period lowland polychromes. Multiple physical characteristics of the primates are considered, along with cultural traits, to provide appropriate biological and cultural contexts and artistic conventions necessary to their interpretation. Besides the well-known scribal roles (attributed to howlers and “Monkey-Men”), we conclude that monkeys commonly take on pictorial and non-pictorial roles that involve carrying or bringing goods such as tribute or cacao. In contexts of liminality, these creatures are often charged with transcending natural and social realms.

scholarly journals Risk factors connected to gastrointestinal parasites in mantled Alouatta palliata mexicana and black howler monkeys Alouatta pigra living in continuous and in fragmented rainforests in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genoveva Trejo-Macías ◽  
Alejandro Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Monkey Species ◽  
Alouatta Palliata Mexicana

Abstract In this study we document the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and protozoans) found in fecal samples of populations of Alouatta palliata mexicana and of A. pigra in Los Tuxtlas and in Palenque, southeast Mexico, and its relation to habitat condition, sex/age and season. Nineteen parasite morphotypes were detected in the fecal samples from populations of the two howler monkeys, of which 58% were shared by both species. When considering all parasite species, populations of the two howler species were more likely to be parasitized in fragmented habitat compared to continuous habitat. Individuals of both howler monkey species that lived in fragmented habitat had a higher prevalence of Controrchis biliophilus. A. p. mexicana individuals had a higher prevalence of Trypanoxyuris minutus than A. pigra, probably the result of the larger group sizes found in the former species, and T. minutus was more likely to be found in A. palliata individuals that lived in fragmented habitat. Adult A. p. mexicana males had a higher risk of being parasitized compared to adult females, but these differences were not detected in A. pigra. Parasite species such as Entamoeba sp., Nematoda sp. 28, Nematoda sp. B and Parabronema sp. where only found during the wet season in both howler monkey species. Populations of both howler monkey species had a higher prevalence of Nematoda sp. A in the wet season and Ascaridae eggs were only detected during the wet season in A. pigra. Other parasites detected displayed no clear seasonal pattern.

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