Orangutan behavior in Kutai National Park after drought and fire damage: Adjustments to short- and long-term natural forest regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1276-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Russon ◽  
Purwo Kuncoro ◽  
Agnes Ferisa
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration

scholarly journals Management options for the conversion of allochthonous coniferous forest patches towards more natural species composition in the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park, NE Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Seliger ◽  
Stephanie Puffpaff ◽  
Michael Manthey ◽  
Juergen Kreyling
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Northeastern Germany

The conversion of coniferous tree plantations towards natural self-regenerating forests is one of the targets of forestry in Europe and particularly desirable in national parks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different conversion approaches (conducted once) on natural forest development in man-made spruce plantations. We studied the effects of three distinct management options (partial-cutting [PC], clear-cutting with timber removal [CC] and clear-cutting with timber remaining [CCr]) six years after application on tree regeneration (sapling identity, abundance, height, browsing intensity) and understorey species composition in former spruce plantations within the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park in Northeastern Germany. An unmanaged spruce [M] and near-natural beech [N] stands were considered as local references. The sites differed significantly in tree regeneration and understorey species composition. The abundance of native tree saplings was highest at site CCr, their height did not differ among sites, while browsing intensity was most pronounced at site CC. Understorey species composition of all management options was equally dissimilar to site N. However, site CCr contained more species that are typically abundant in local beech forests. Clear-cutting of spruce plantations with dead wood remaining on site favoured the natural regeneration of native trees and understorey vegetation compared to clear-cutting with timber removal, partial-cutting and no management. Herbivore browsing detrimentally affected tree regeneration independent of the treatment. Clear-cutting with timber removal promoted the dominance of competitive herbaceous species that may hamper long-term forest regeneration. We conclude that progression of site CCr appears to proceed fastest towards natural forest conditions. Further long-term data is required to derive clear trends regarding time and direction of forest regeneration.  Keywords: forest conversion, spruce plantations, beech forest, natural tree regeneration, understorey species composition, deer browsing

scholarly journals Evaluating Plantation Forest vs. Natural Forest Regeneration for Biodiversity Enhancement in Hong Kong

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Janet E. Nichol ◽  
Sawaid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Global trends predict a continuous increase in the proportion of forest occupied by plantations up to the end of the 21st century, while a dramatic loss of biodiversity is foreseen as a result of anthropogenic exploitation and climate change. This study compares the role and performance of plantation policies in Hong Kong, with natural regeneration of secondary forest, using detailed spatio-temporal data extracted from a previous study. The study extends over a 70-year period from 1945 to 2014 using aerial photographs and satellite images of five time periods to document spatio-temporal trends in plantation forestry and natural forest succession. Field data on species richness and woody biomass at different stages of forest succession are compared with available data from plantations in the same study area. Results indicate that plantation forests support relatively few native species in the understory, with much lower species richness than naturally regenerated forest, even after 6 to 7 decades. Time-sequential maps of habitat change show that natural forest succession from barren grassy hillsides, progressed at an annual rate of 7.8%, from only 0.2% of the landscape post WWII, to over 37% today. Plantation forestry on the other hand has been less successful, and has even acted as a barrier to natural forest regeneration, as mono-cultural plantations from the late 1960s to 1980s are still plantations today, whereas other similar areas have succeeded naturally to forest. The theory of plantations acting as a nurse crop for a woody native understory is not supported, as Pinus massoniana plantations, destroyed by two deadly nematodes during the 1970s, apparently had no woody understory, as they were seen to have reverted to grassland in 1989 and are still mainly grassland today.

scholarly journals Die Schutzfunktion in Windwurfflächen

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Jean-Marie Putallaz ◽  
Marius Fankhauser ◽  
Ueli Schmid ◽  
Raphael Schwitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Roughness Effect ◽  
Stem Resistance ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
Terrain Roughness ◽  
Term Analysis

Protection against natural hazards on windthrow areas We give an overview on natural hazard processes on windthrow areas during the first 20 years after the winterstorm Vivian (1990). This overview is based on 1) repeated pulling experiments and a long-term analysis of stem movements in the uncleared winthrow area Cavorgia/Disentis, 2) the assessment of avalanche protection function of 26 windthrow areas, and on (3) StorMe cadastral data of natural hazard events on windthrow areas. The effective heights and stem resistance of lying logs have been reduced to ca. 40% of the original values on average in the uncleared winthrow area Cavorgia/ Disentis. In particular on very steep (>45°) and rocky slopes, some of the stems have moved several meters. Most of the 26 investigated windthrow areas did not fulfill any of the considered criteria to effectively protect against avalanches. Nevertheless, very few avalanches and rockfall events were observed on Vivian areas. The relatively large number of shallow landslides in the years after the windthrow could, however, be a sign of a certain time with increased landslide susceptibility. Our results and observations suggest that the increased terrain roughness after Vivian largely compensated for the decreased protection effects against avalanche and rockfall of former stands structures during the first years after the storm. After 20 years, the terrain roughness effect has strongly decreased and reliable protection against mass movements depends in most cases on a sufficiently advanced natural forest regeneration or on additional post-windthrow plantations. It is important to consider specific conditions on the level of single slopes when planning measures against natural hazards in windthrow areas.

scholarly journals Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 4861-4886
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Neill ◽  
Christian Birkel ◽  
Marco P. Maneta ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Chris Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Hydrological Connectivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Flux Partitioning ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration

Abstract. Increasing rates of biodiversity loss are adding momentum to efforts seeking to restore or rewild degraded landscapes. Here, we investigated the effects of natural forest regeneration on water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity, using the tracer-aided ecohydrological model EcH2O-iso. The model was calibrated using ∼ 3.5 years of diverse ecohydrological and isotope data available for a catchment in the Scottish Highlands, an area where impetus for native pinewood regeneration is growing. We then simulated two land cover change scenarios that incorporated forests at early (dense thicket) and late (old open forest) stages of regeneration, respectively. Changes to forest structure (proportional vegetation cover, vegetation heights and leaf area index of pine trees) were modelled for each stage. The scenarios were then compared to a present-day baseline simulation. Establishment of thicket forest had substantial ecohydrological consequences for the catchment. Specifically, increased losses to transpiration and, in particular, interception evaporation drove reductions in below-canopy fluxes (soil evaporation, groundwater (GW) recharge and streamflow) and generally slower rates of water turnover. The greatest reductions in streamflow and connectivity were simulated for summer baseflows and small to moderate events during summer and the autumn/winter rewetting period. This resulted from the effect of local changes to flux partitioning in regenerating areas on the hillslopes extending to the wider catchment by reducing downslope GW subsidies that help sustain summer baseflows and saturation in the valley bottom. Meanwhile, higher flows were relatively less affected, especially in winter. Despite the generally drier state of the catchment, simulated water ages suggested that the increased transpiration demands of the thicket forest could be satisfied by moisture carried over from previous seasons. The more open nature of the old forest generally resulted in water fluxes, water ages and connectivity returning towards baseline conditions. Our work implies that the ecohydrological consequences of natural forest regeneration depend on the structural characteristics of the forest at different stages of development. Consequently, future land cover change investigations need to move beyond consideration of simple forest vs. non-forest scenarios to inform sustainable landscape restoration efforts.

scholarly journals Natural forest regeneration and ecological restoration in human-modified tropical landscapes

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Aline Pingarroni ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez ◽  
Lilibeth Toledo-Chelala ◽  
Isela Zermeño-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tropical Landscapes

Recovery of floristic diversity and basal area in natural forest regeneration and planted plots in a Costa Rican wet forest

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Gilman ◽  
Susan G. Letcher ◽  
Rita M. Fincher ◽  
Ashley I. Perez ◽  
Tyler W. Madell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration
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