Fallback foods, preferred foods, adaptive zones, and primate origins

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred L. Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Primate Origins ◽  
Preferred Foods

scholarly journals Food preference of captive mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) in University of Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
F. Olaleru ◽  
O. J. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Mona Monkey ◽  
Food Trough

In the wild, nonhuman primates' preferences for some food may not be quite clear due to the seasonality and utilization of fallback foods during periods of scarcity. Understanding the most preferred foods could aid schedules of serving them to captive primates. Against this background, the study was carried out to determine the food preference of captive mona monkeys offered foods consumed by their counterparts in the degraded and fragmented urban forest, biodiversity rich rainforest, and in a zoo. The feeding trials were conducted in the service area of the University of Lagos. Four adult monkeys (two males and two females) were offered weighed amounts of 13 different foods served in batches of five, using the cafeteria method. Each food type was offered separately in a food trough at 10:00 hrs each day. Left over was withdrawn and measured after 24 hours. Position of the food trough was changed every day. Water was provided ad libitum in a water trough. The difference between offered and left-over weights was regarded as intake. Food preference was determined from the coefficient of preference (COP), and a unitary value was considered preferred. In decreasing order of preference, the preferred foods that had COP ≥ 1 were Musa sapientum, Zea mays, and Solanum melongena. The mona monkey and other sympatric species held in captivity could be provided with these foods in addition to other foods that could meet their nutritional needs. Nutritional assays of these foods could provide clues to their being preferred above others.     Dans la nature, les préférences des primates non humains pour certains aliments peuvent ne pas être tout à fait claires en raison de la saisonnalité et de l'utilisation des aliments de remplacement pendant les périodes de pénurie. Comprendre les aliments les plus préférés pourrait faciliter les horaires de les servir aux primates captifs. Dans ce contexte, l'étude a été menée pour estimer la préférence alimentaire des singes mona en captivité qui offraient des aliments consommés par leurs homologues dans la forêt urbaine dégradée et fragmentée, la forêt tropicale riche en biodiversité et dans un zoo. Les essais d'alimentation ont été menés dans l’aire de service de l'Université de Lagos. Quatre singes adultes (deux mâles et deux femelles) se sont vus offrir des quantités pesées de 13 aliments différents servis par lots de cinq, en utilisant la méthode de la cafétéria. Chaque type de nourriture était offert 184 séparément dans une auge à 10 h chaque jour. Le surplus a été prélevé et mesuré après 24 heures. La position de l'auge a été changée chaque jour. L'eau était fournie à volonté dans un bac à eau. La différence entre le poids offert et le poids restant a été considérée comme un apport. La préférence alimentaire a été déterminée à partir du coefficient de préférence (COP), et une valeur unitaire a été considérée comme préférée. Par ordre décroissant de préférence, les aliments préférés qui avaient un COP ≥ 1 étaient Musa sapientum, Zeamays et Solanummelongena. Le singe mona et d'autres espèces sympatriques gardées en captivité pourraient recevoir ces aliments en plus d'autres aliments qui pourraient répondre à leurs besoins nutritionnels. Les dosages nutritionnels de ces aliments pourraient fournir des indices sur leur préférence aux autres.  

Oral Processing Behavior of Diana Monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
Erin E. Kane ◽  
Jordan N. Traff ◽  
David J. Daegling ◽  
W. Scott McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Fallback Foods ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Fruit Availability ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
Cercopithecus Diana ◽  
Fruit Preference ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Resource Switching

Primates are hypothesized to “fall back” on challenging-to-process foods when preferred foods are less available. Such dietary shifts may be accompanied by changes in oral processing behavior argued to be selectively important. Here, we examine the oral processing behavior of Diana monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus diana</i>) in the Taï Forest across their dietary breadth, testing relationships among food intake, fruit availability, preference, and oral processing behaviors including those involved in food ingestion and breakdown. We conducted 1,066 focal follows from April 2016 to September 2017 documenting frequencies of incisor, canine, and cheek tooth mastications (i.e., chews) per ingestive action (<i>n</i> = 11,906 feeding events). We used phenological survey and scan sample data collected between 2004 and 2009 to examine dietary preference and food availability. Our analyses show that Diana monkeys processed foods in significantly different ways (<i>H</i><sub>2</sub> = 360.8, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), with invertebrates requiring the least oral processing, fruit requiring intermediate amounts, and leaves requiring the most oral processing. There was no relationship between fruit availability and consumption of preferred or nonpreferred fruits (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05); however, preferred fruits were processed with significantly fewer mastications (i.e., less chewing) than nonpreferred fruits (<i>U</i> = 6,557, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). We thus demonstrate that, when preferred foods are scarce, Diana monkeys do not fall back on difficult-to-process foods. Changes in processing profiles occurred throughout the year and not solely when preferred foods were in short supply. Though preferred fruits required less processing than nonpreferred fruits, we found no relationship between fruit preference and fruit availability. Diana monkeys’ lack of readily identifiable fallback foods may be attributable to the relatively high tree diversity and productivity of the Taï Forest. We conclude that Diana monkeys engage in resource switching, consuming a relatively easy-to-process diet year-round.

Major Questions in the Study of Primate Origins

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. Silcox ◽  
Sergi López-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Primate Origins

Primate origins and the evolution of angiosperms

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Primate Origins

PALEONTOLOGY: Primate Origins Nailed

Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 298 (5598) ◽  
pp. 1564-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Sargis
Keyword(s):  
Primate Origins

Motivation to obtain preferred foods is enhanced by ghrelin in the ventral tegmental area

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. King ◽  
A.M. Isaacs ◽  
E. O'Farrell ◽  
A. Abizaid
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

Black-tailed deer feeding bouts: dynamic events

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gillingham ◽  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
First Time

Foraging bouts of captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson) were investigated to examine how searching for food affects diet selection. We determined food preference for three types of food under ad libitum conditions and then studied the foraging of two deer in a 0.5-ha, vegetation-free pen in which we controlled food availability and distribution of the same three types of food. Our hypotheses included the following: (i) clumping of preferred food into patches would enable animals to better exploit food distributions; (ii) the switch from preferred to lower-ranked food would be gradual as preferred food was less frequently encountered; and (iii) deer would respond to a lower abundance of preferred foods by eating more of lower-ranked food items at each feeding location. Searching for food alone did not alter diet selection from ad libitum conditions. Deer nearly exhausted their highly preferred food item before switching to lower-ranked ones. Amount of preferred food already eaten during a trial was positively correlated with the time that animals continued searching before switching to lower-ranked food items. Switching was related to amount and type of food encountered and not to amount of food in the pen. Clumping of the preferred food had no significant effect on the amount of food eaten, but did significantly influence types of food encountered by one deer. When preferred food was abundant, it was not always completely eaten the first time a feeding platform was visited. Increases in the intake rates of nonpreferred food items resulted from deer visiting more feeding stations containing nonpreferred food items and not from deer eating more food at each feeding station.

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