scholarly journals Effects of reproductive condition and dominance rank on cortisol responsiveness to stress in free-ranging female rhesus macaques

2009 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Hoffman ◽  
James E. Ayala ◽  
Adaris Mas-Rivera ◽  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

scholarly journals Female rhesus macaques discriminate unfamiliar paternal sisters in playback experiments: support for acoustic phenotype matching

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1774) ◽  
pp. 20131628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Pfefferle ◽  
Angelina V. Ruiz-Lambides ◽  
Anja Widdig
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Phenotype Matching ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

Widespread evidence exists that when relatives live together, kinship plays a central role in shaping the evolution of social behaviour. Previous studies showed that female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) recognize familiar maternal kin using vocal cues. Recognizing paternal kin might, however, be more difficult as rhesus females mate promiscuously during the possible conception period, most probably concealing paternity. Behavioural observations indicate that semi free-ranging female rhesus macaques prefer to associate with their paternal half-sisters in comparison to unrelated females within the same group, particularly when born within the same age cohort. However, the cues and mechanism/s used in paternal kin discrimination remain under debate. Here, we investigated whether female rhesus macaques use the acoustic modality to discriminate between paternal half-sisters and non-kin, and tested familiarity and phenotype matching as the underlying mechanisms. We found that test females responded more often to calls of paternal half-sisters compared with calls of unrelated females, and that this discrimination ability was independent of the level of familiarity between callers and test females, which provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence for acoustic phenotype matching. Our study strengthens the evidence that female rhesus macaques can recognize their paternal kin, and that vocalizations are used as a cue.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic diagnosis of gross reproductive abnormalities in free-ranging female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Anshu Raj
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Trapping Method ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

A study was conducted between July 2010 to June 2011 in the Monkey Sterilization Centre, Gopalpur, Himachal Pradesh, India to assess the prevalence of reproductive disorders by laparoscopic examination of the genitalia of female rhesus macaques. The animals were captured from different locations in the state using a cage trapping method. A total of 720 female rhesus macaques underwent laparoscopic examination of their reproductive tracts. A total of 63 cases were found to have reproductive abnormalities. Out of these 63 cases, the most common abnormalities reported were ovarian cyst 3.05% (n=22), ovarian tumor 1.66% (n=12), uterine tumor 1.25% (n=9), uterine edema 0.97% (n=7), uterine rupture 0.83% (n=6), ectopic pregnancy 0.69% (n=5), unicornis or acornis 0.28% (n=2). The highest number of cases of uterine abnormalities was recorded in the 12-16 year old age group (33.33%), followed by 8-12 year olds (25.39%), 16-20 year olds (22.22%), then 4-8 year olds (15.87%) and 0-4 year olds (3.17%). Of the 63 animals that showed genital abnormalities, only 52 were found to be pregnant during the breeding season from November to March in the 5-20 year old age group, while 11 animals were not pregnant; a pregnancy rate of 82.53% (52 of 63) of the female rhesus macaques with reproductive abnormalities.

scholarly journals Dominance rank causally affects personality and glucocorticoid regulation in female rhesus macaques

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan N. Kohn ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Luis B. Barreiro ◽  
Zachary P. Johnson ◽  
Jenny Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

scholarly journals Grooming interventions in female rhesus macaques as social niche construction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mielke ◽  
Carina Bruchmann ◽  
Oliver Schülke ◽  
Julia Ostner
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Group Members ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Social Niche

AbstractSocial animals invest time and resources into building and adapting their social environment, which emerges not only from their own but also from the decisions of other group members. Thus, individuals have to monitor interactions between others and potentially decide when and how to interfere to prevent damage to their own investment. These interventions can be subtle, as in the case of affiliative interactions such as grooming, but they can inform us about how animals structure their world and influence other group members. Here, we used interventions into grooming bouts in 29 female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to determine who intervened into which grooming bouts, why, and what determined intervention outcomes, based on kinship, dominance rank, and affiliative relationships between groomers and (potential) interveners. Using 1132 grooming bouts and 521 interventions, we show that high dominance rank of groomers reduced the risk of intervention. Bystanders, particularly when high-ranking, intervened in grooming of their kin, close affiliates, and close-ranked competitors. Interveners gained access to their close affiliates for subsequent grooming. Affiliative relationship and rank determined intervention outcomes, with reduced aggression risk facilitating grooming involving three individuals. Thus, interventions in this species involved the monitoring of grooming interactions, decision-making based on several individual and dyadic characteristics, and potentially allowed individuals to broaden their access to grooming partners, protect their own relationships, and influence their social niche.

scholarly journals Social affiliation predicts mitochondrial DNA copy number in female rhesus macaques

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20180643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Debray ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Jordan N. Kohn ◽  
Mark E. Wilson ◽  
Luis B. Barreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Chronic Social Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

In many social mammals, social adversity predicts compromised health and reduced fitness. These effects are thought to be driven in part by chronic social stress, but their molecular underpinnings are not well understood. Recent work suggests that chronic stress can affect mitochondrial copy number, heteroplasmy rates and function. Here, we tested the first two possibilities for the first time in non-human primates. We manipulated dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques ( n = 45), where low rank induces chronic social stress, and measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and heteroplasmy in five peripheral blood mononuclear cell types from each study subject. We found no effect of dominance rank on either mtDNA copy number or heteroplasmy rates. However, grooming rate, a measure of affiliative social behaviour predicted by high social status, was positively associated with mtDNA copy number in B cells, cytotoxic T cells and monocytes. Our results suggest that social interactions can influence mtDNA regulation in immune cells. Further, they indicate the importance of considering both affiliative and competitive interactions in investigating this relationship.

scholarly journals Effect of Housing Conditions on Cortisol and Body Fat Levels in Female Rhesus Macaques

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Dian G. M. Zijlmans ◽  
Lisette Meijer ◽  
Marit K. Vernes ◽  
Jacqueline A. M. Wubben ◽  
Linda Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

Macaques are among the most commonly used non-human primates in biomedical research. They are highly social animals, yet biomedical studies often require group-living animals to be pair-housed in a controlled environment. A change in environment causes only short-term stress in adapting individuals, while non-adapting animals may experience long-term stress that can adversely affect study results. Individuals likely differ in their ability to adapt depending on individual characteristics. Changes in cortisol and body fat levels may reflect these different individual responses. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of a change from group- to pair-housing on cortisol and body fat levels in 32 female rhesus macaques, exploring whether age, dominance rank, original cortisol, and body fat levels are related to long-term stress in pair-housing. Hair samples were analyzed for cortisol levels, while anthropometric measurements and computed tomography were performed to quantify body fat. Monkeys served as their own control with a 7.5-month period between the measurements. Cortisol levels increased, while average body fat levels did not differ when individuals were moved from group- to pair-housing. Cortisol and body fat levels were not significantly correlated. Changes in cortisol were independent of age and dominance rank, whereas individual variation in body fat alterations was related to the group-housed body fat level and dominance rank. Although this study did not identify individual characteristics related to long-term stress in pair-housing, the individual variation confirms that some individuals are more resilient to change than others and provides possibilities for future refinement studies.

Social capital and physiological stress levels in free-ranging adult female rhesus macaques

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.N. Brent ◽  
S. Semple ◽  
C. Dubuc ◽  
M. Heistermann ◽  
A. MacLarnon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques

Prenatal Androgenization and Dominance Rank in Female Rhesus Macaques: Evidence from Digit Ratios (2D:4D)

2011 ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Nelson ◽  
Christy L. Hoffman ◽  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Melissa S. Gerald ◽  
Susanne Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Female Rhesus Macaques
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