Male and female range use in a group of white-bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Spehar ◽  
Andres Link ◽  
Anthony Di Fiore
Primates ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Link ◽  
Ana Cristina Palma ◽  
Adriana Velez ◽  
Ana Gabriela de Luna

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Baden ◽  
Jelisa Oliveras ◽  
Brian D. Gerber

Ranging behavior is one important strategy by which nonhuman primates obtain access to resources critical to their biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, their members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. However, some taxa live in more spatiotemporally flexible social groups, whose members modify patterns of association and range use as a method to mitigate these costs. Here, we describe the range use of one such taxon, the black-and-white ruffed lemur (<i>Varecia variegata</i>), at an undisturbed primary rain forest site in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar, and characterize sex differences in annual home range area, overlap, and daily distances traveled. Moreover, we characterize seasonal variability in range use and ask whether ranging behaviors can be explained by either climatic or reproductive seasonality. We found that females used significantly larger home ranges than males, though sexes shared equal and moderate levels of home range overlap. Overall, range use did not vary across seasons, although within sexes, male range use varied significantly with climate. Moreover, daily path length was best predicted by day length, female reproductive state, and sex, but was unrelated to climate variables. While the patterns of range use and spatial association presented here share some similarities with “bisexually bonded” community models described for chimpanzees, we argue that ruffed lemurs best conform to a “nuclear neighborhood” community model wherein nuclear (core) groups share the highest levels of home range overlap, and where these groups cluster spatially into adjacent “neighborhoods” within the larger, communally defended territory.


Koedoe ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Collias ◽  
Elsie C. Collias

Spotted-backed Weaverbirds were studied during September-December, 1969 in the Transvaal, chiefly in the Kruger National Park, and observations were made on their distribution, ecology and behaviour. Territorial behaviour, nest-building, pair formation displays, vocalizations and food habits are described as well as the division of labour between male and female in care of the young. Attacks by snakes and hawks are described as well as responses of the birds to their enemies. Behavioural relations to another species of weaver were also observed.


Mammalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Salvador ◽  
Santiago Espinosa

AbstractOcelots were historically hunted for their skins but habitat loss is now their most serious threat, causing rapid declines in populations throughout their range. Ocelot abundance has been estimated for various locations across the Neotropics, but we still lack this information from some countries, including Ecuador. Knowing whether ocelot abundance is increasing or decreasing is important to assess the conservation status of this species and the conditions of its habitats in the Ecuadorian Amazon and in the region. To determine whether ocelot abundance and its behavior are affected by human-related activities, camera-trap surveys were carried out in two localities of Yasuní National Park (YNP), one that has experienced hunting, oil extraction, and roads (Maxus Road) and one that is largely unaffected by these activities (Lorocachi). During the survey, 35 and 36 individual ocelots were photographed in Maxus Road and Lorocachi, respectively. Population density estimates were similar for both localities, ranging from 0.31 (SE±6) to 0.85 (SE±17) ocelots/km


Author(s):  
Iván Tarcicio Narváez Quiñónez

La colonización dirigida, espontánea y estratégica, además de la permanente ampliación de la frontera agrícola para la extracción de recursos naturales, han determinado el uso y zonificación del espacio amazónico en los últimos 50 años. Las drásticas huellas socio-económicos, culturales y ambientales generadas por estos procesos han impactado negativamente la vida de los pueblos ancestrales y la naturaleza. Una consecuencia drástica es el cambio de la comprensión de la territorialidad en el interior de los territorios indígenas, y de la percepción que de aquel cambio tienen el Estado y los actores asentados en el entorno territorial comunitario. El presente estudio aborda el caso del pueblo waorani e inquiere cómo la ampliación de la frontera extractiva intensificaría los impactos negativos del proceso de desterritorialización en el Parque Nacional Yasuní, poniendo en mayor riesgo la integridad física y cultural de los de los pueblos que viven en aislamiento voluntario: Tagaeri y Oñamenane u otros de los cuales no se tiene referencia.   Abstract Targeted, spontaneous and strategic colonization, in addition to the permanent expansion of the agricultural frontier for the extraction of natural resources, has determined the use and zoning of the Amazonian space in the las 50 years. The drastic socioeconomic, cultural and environmental impacts generated by these processes have impated negatively the life of the ancestral peoples and nature. A drastic consequence is the change of the understanding of the territoriality in the interior of the indigenous territories, and the perception that the state and the actors settled in the community territorial environment have of that change. This study addresses the case of the Waorani people and inquires how the expansion of the extractive frontier would intensify the negative impacts of the process of decentralization in the Yasuní National Park, putting at greater risk the physical and cultural integrity of the peoples living in voluntary isolation: Tagaeri and Onamenane or others of which there is no reference.


2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Burnham

Lianas of Yasuní National Park and the Huaorani Ethnic Reserve, Ecuador were sampled using 0.2-ha subsamples from 12 1-ha plots. Using surveys and herbarium collections, the total species richness of lianas in the park and reserve is estimated to be close to 500 species. Terra firme habitats are significantly more species rich than floodplain habitats, but density of stems is not significantly different between habitats. The most abundant liana species is Machaerium cuspidatum Kuhlm. & Hoehne (Fabaceae) in both floodplain and terra firme habitats, representing more than 10% of all stems in census plots. Analysis of rarity indicates that none of the liana species encountered on the 12 plots is rare in terms of geographic range, and many species are not rare in terms of population size or habitat specificity. The rank order of abundance, combined with the coefficient of variability in species distribution among plots, is used to identify the 38 species (an oligarchy) that dominate forests in Yasuní.


2019 ◽  
pp. 226-241
Author(s):  
Kathryn T. Long

This chapter examines the way missionaries and the Waorani faced three issues arising from the relocations of the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as from ongoing contact between the Waorani and outsiders: adequate land, literacy skills, and the Wao desire to imitate their lowland Quichua neighbors. Jim Yost and various Waorani laid the groundwork for parts of Wao ancestral territory to be set aside for Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park and for another large tract to be designated a Waorani Ethnic Reserve. SIL literacy specialist Pat Kelley worked with the Waorani to encourage literacy and native-authored literature in Wao tededo, the Wao language. While seeking to preserve their traditional territory and their language, many Waorani also began to imitate the customs of the more populous Quichuas in an effort to move up the social ladder of Ecuadorian society.


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